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Black Capped (combined)
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This is the combined Black CappedPRs sfrom Red Hat Summit 2024.

This superseeds #873

Co-authored-by: AsierCidon <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: JJ Asghar <[email protected]>
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5 changes: 5 additions & 0 deletions knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/attribution.txt
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Title of work: Black-capped chickadee
Link to work: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-capped_chickadee
Revision: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black-capped_chickadee&oldid=1219937468
License of the work: CC-BY-SA-4.0
Creator names: Wikipedia Authors
189 changes: 189 additions & 0 deletions knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/qna.yaml
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created_by: juliadenham
version: 3
domain: animals
seed_examples:
- context: |
The **black-capped chickadee** (***Poecile atricapillus***) is a small,
nonmigratory, North American [passerine](passerine "wikilink") bird that
lives in deciduous and mixed forests. It is a member of the
[Paridae](Paridae "wikilink") [family](family_(biology) "wikilink"),
also known as tits. It has a distinct black cap on its head, a black bib
underneath, and white cheeks. It has a white belly, buff sides, and grey
wings, back, and tail. The bird is well known for its vocalizations,
including its *fee-bee* call and its *chick-a-dee-dee-dee* call, from
which it derives its name.
The black-capped chickadee is widely distributed throughout North
America, ranging from the northern United States to southern Canada and
all the way up to Alaska and [Yukon](Yukon "wikilink"). It feeds
primarily on insects and seeds, and is known for its ability to
[cache](Hoarding_(animal_behavior) "wikilink") food for use during the
winter. The [hippocampus](hippocampus "wikilink") of the black-capped
chickadee grows during the caching season, which is believed to help it
better remember its cache locations. The black-capped chickadee is a
social bird and forms strict [dominance
hierarchies](Dominance_hierarchy "wikilink") within its flock. During
the winter, these flocks include other bird species. It has the ability
to lower its body temperature during cold winter nights, allowing it to
conserve energy.
questions_and_answers:
- question: |
Where do black-capped chickadees live?
answer: |
The black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) is a small,
nonmigratory, North American passerine bird that lives in deciduous
and mixed forests.
- question: |
What sound does a black-capped chickadee make?
answer: |
The black-capped chickadee is well known for its vocalizations,
including its fee-bee call and its chick-a-dee-dee-dee call, from
which it derives its name.
- question: |
What does a black-capped chickadee eat?
answer: |
Black-capped chickadees feed primarily on insects and seeds, and is
known for its ability to cache food for use during the winter.
- context: |
The black-capped chickadee has a black cap and "bib" with white cheeks.
Its underparts are white with buff-colored flanks. Its back is
unstreaked and greenish gray, and the tail and wings are slate gray. It
has a black [beak](beak "wikilink") and legs, and dark brown
[irises](iris_(anatomy) "wikilink"). Males and females are generally
similar, although males have a larger bib. They can also be
distinguished based on a combination of weight and tail length.
[Tarsus](Bird_feet_and_legs "wikilink") length does not significantly
differentiate sexes. Males have a wing length of 63.5–67.5 mm (2.50–2.66 in),
a tail length of 58–63 mm (2.3–2.5 in), a bill length of 8–9.5 mm (0.31–0.37 in),
and a tarsus length of 16–17 mm (0.63–0.67 in). Females are on average slightly
smaller, with a wing length of 60.5–66.5 mm (2.38–2.62 in), a tail length of
56.3–63 mm (2.22–2.48 in), a bill length of 9–9.5 mm (0.35–0.37 in), and a
tarsus length of 16–17 mm (0.63–0.67 in). Both sexes weigh 10–14 g (0.35–0.49 oz).
Juveniles are visually similar to adults but with fluffier plumage.
questions_and_answers:
- question: |
What color cheeks does the black capped chickadee have?
answer: |
The black-capped chickadee has a black cap and "bib" with white
cheeks.
- question: |
Do male black capped chickadees have a larger bib than the females?
answer: |
Yes, males and females are generally similar, although males have a
larger bib.
- question: |
How can you tell that a black capped chickadee is a juvenile?
answer: |
Juveniles are visually similar to adults but with fluffier plumage.
- context: |
One of the most recognizable sounds produced, particularly by the males,
is the two-note *fee-bee* song. It is a simple, clear whistle of two
notes, identical in rhythm, the first roughly a
[whole-step](Major_second "wikilink") above the second. The
frequency of their songs will typically start around
400 [Hz](Hertz "wikilink"), and various tones spanning roughly 1 kHz
will be sung within the song. A decrease of roughly 200 Hz occurs when
the first note (*fee*) is sung, and then another decrease around 400 Hz
takes place between the end of *fee* and the beginning of *bee*. In
spite of these multiple changes in frequency, though, anybody listening
to the song only hears a pure, high-frequency tone. This is
distinguished from the Carolina chickadee's four-note call *fee-bee
fee-bay*; the lower notes are nearly identical but the higher *fee*
notes are omitted, making the black-capped song like *bee bay*. The
males sing the song only in relative isolation from other chickadees
(including their mates). In late summer, some young birds sing only a
single note.
questions_and_answers:
- question: |
What is the black-capped chickadee's fee-bee song?
answer: |
It is a simple, clear whistle of two notes, identical in rhythm,
the first roughly a whole-step above the second.
- question: |
What is the frequency of the black-capped chickadee's fee-bee
song?
answer: |
The frequency of their songs will typically start around 400 Hz,
and various tones spanning roughly 1 kHz will be sung within the
song. A decrease of roughly 200 Hz occurs when the first note (fee)
is sung, and then another decrease around 400 Hz takes place between
the end of fee and the beginning of bee.
- question: |
Do male black-capped chickadees sing their fee-bee song with other
chickadees around?
answer: |
No, the males sing the song only in relative isolation from other
chickadees (including their mates).
- context: |
Insects (especially caterpillars) form a large part of their diet in
summer. The birds hop along tree branches searching for food, sometimes
hanging upside down or hovering; they may make short flights to catch
insects in the air. Seeds and berries become more important in winter,
though insect eggs and pupae are eaten when available. Black-capped
chickadees have also been known to eat the fat off of dead mammals.
Sunflower seeds are readily taken from bird feeders. The birds take a
seed in their beak and commonly fly from the feeder to a tree, where
they proceed to hammer the seed on a branch to open it.
Like many other species in the family Paridae, black-capped chickadees
commonly [cache](Hoarding_(animal_behavior) "wikilink") food, mostly
seeds, but sometimes insects, also. Items are stored singly in
various sites such as bark, dead leaves, clusters of conifer needles, or
knothole. Memory for the location of caches can last up to 28 days.
Within the first 24 hours, the birds can even remember the relative
quality of the stored items.
questions_and_answers:
- question: What do black-capped chickadees eat?
answer: |
Insects (especially caterpillars) form a large part of their diet
in summer. Seeds and berries become more important in winter,
though insect eggs and pupae are eaten when available.
- question: How do black-capped chickadees eat seeds?
answer: |
Black-capped chickadees take a seed in their beak and commonly
fly from the feeder to a tree, where they proceed to hammer the
seed on a branch to open it.
- question: |
How long can black-capped chickadees remember where they cached
their food?
answer: |
Memory for the location of caches can last up to 28 days.
- context: |
Black-capped chickadees are primarily subject to predation by [birds of
prey](birds_of_prey "wikilink"), including owls, hawks, and shrikes.
Nest-predation also occurs, primarily by raccoons, squirrels, opossums,
and snakes. Nest sites are also sometimes raided by [house
wrens](house_wren "wikilink"), who will destroy chickadee eggs in order
to reuse the location for their nest.
Like many birds, black-capped chickadees are susceptible to [West Nile
Virus](West_Nile_Virus "wikilink"). They are also known to be affected
by blood parasites, including those that cause
[malaria](malaria "wikilink"), but particularly high rates of infection
have not been detected. Black-capped chickadees are also known to
be affected by [avian keratin
disorder](avian_keratin_disorder "wikilink").
questions_and_answers:
- question: |
What birds of prey eat black-capped chickadees?
answer: |
Black-capped chickadees are primarily subject to predation by birds
of prey, including owls, hawks, and shrikes.
- question: |
What is a big danger to black-capped chickadee nests?
answer: |
Nest sites are also sometimes raided by house wrens, who will
destroy chickadee eggs in order to reuse the location for their nest.
- question: |
Do black-capped chickadees carry the West Nile virus?
answer: |
Like many birds, black-capped chickadees are susceptible to West
Nile Virus.
document_outline: |
Information about the black capped chickadee including distribution, appearance,
vocalization, diet, and predators.
document:
repo: https://github.com/juliadenham/Summit_knowledge
commit: 5f7158a5ce83c4ff493bfe341fe31ecad64ff697
patterns:
- chickadee.md

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