[WIP] Fix bugzilla 6082 - Constructors of templated types should be callabl…

changelog/dmd.template-constructor-deduction.dd

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Constructor calls can implicitly instantiate struct templates
+
+Implicit Function Template Instantiation now also works with struct constructors.
+Example:
+
+---
+struct Tuple(T...)
+{
+    T fields;
+    this(T t) { this.fields = t; }
+}
+
+static assert(Tuple(1, 2, 3).fields[0] == 1);
+---
+
+This removes the need for helper functions such as:
+
+---
+auto tuple(T...)(T args) => Tuple!T(args);
+---

compiler/src/dmd/aggregate.d

@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@
 
     /// CtorDeclaration or TemplateDeclaration
     Dsymbol ctor;
+    /// If this aggregate is inside a TemplateDeclaration, this stores the cached overload
+    // set of ctors without substituted template arguments, for implicit template instantiation
+    private FuncDeclaration uninstantiatedCtors;
 
     /// default constructor - should have no arguments, because
     /// it would be stored in TypeInfo_Class.defaultConstructor
@@ -687,6 +690,48 @@
         return s;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns: for an aggregate inside a template declaration,
+     * get the template function declarations of constructors, without
+     * having their template arguments substituted. This is used to
+     * implicitly instantiate struct templates based on constructor arguments,
+     * e.g. Tuple(1, 2) => Tuple!(int, int)
+     */
+    extern (D) final FuncDeclaration getUninstantiatedCtors()
+    {
+        if (this.uninstantiatedCtors)
+            return this.uninstantiatedCtors;
+
+        void visit(Dsymbol mem)
+        {
+            if (auto fd = mem.isFuncDeclaration())
+            {
+                if (fd.isCtorDeclaration())
+                {
+                    assert(fd.overnext0 is null);
+                    fd.overnext0 = this.uninstantiatedCtors;
+                    this.uninstantiatedCtors = fd;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        foreach (mem; *this.members)
+        {
+            visit(mem);
+            if (auto td = mem.isTemplateDeclaration())
+            {
+                if (!td.onemember)
+                    continue;
+                if (auto fd = td.onemember.isFuncDeclaration())
+                {
+                    // This doesn't really work, we need to combine the template argument lists
+                    visit(mem);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return this.uninstantiatedCtors;
+    }
+
     override final Visibility visible() pure nothrow @nogc @safe
     {
         return visibility;

compiler/src/dmd/aggregate.h

@@ -95,6 +95,9 @@ class AggregateDeclaration : public ScopeDsymbol
     FuncDeclaration *inv;               // invariant
 
     Dsymbol *ctor;                      // CtorDeclaration or TemplateDeclaration
+private:
+    FuncDeclaration* uninstantiatedCtors;
+public:
 
     // default constructor - should have no arguments, because
     // it would be stored in TypeInfo_Class.defaultConstructor

compiler/src/dmd/expressionsem.d

@@ -6578,6 +6578,7 @@ private extern (C++) final class ExpressionSemanticVisitor : Visitor
             TypeFunction tf;
             const(char)* p;
             Dsymbol s;
+            bool isAggregateCall = false;
             exp.f = null;
             if (auto fe = exp.e1.isFuncExp())
             {
@@ -6624,12 +6625,27 @@ private extern (C++) final class ExpressionSemanticVisitor : Visitor
             }
             else if (exp.e1.op == EXP.template_)
             {
-                s = (cast(TemplateExp)exp.e1).td;
+                {
+                    TemplateExp te = exp.e1.isTemplateExp();
+                    s = te.td;
+                    isAggregateCall = te.td.onemember && te.td.onemember.isAggregateDeclaration();
+                }
             L2:
                 exp.f = resolveFuncCall(exp.loc, sc, s, tiargs, null, exp.argumentList,
                     exp.isUfcsRewrite ? FuncResolveFlag.ufcs : FuncResolveFlag.standard);
                 if (!exp.f || exp.f.errors)
                     return setError();
+
+                if (isAggregateCall)
+                    if (auto cd = exp.f.isCtorDeclaration())
+                    {
+                        // We resolved to a constructor, but calling a raw constructor gives a "need `this`"
+                        // error, so we extract that instantiated struct type from the constructor and retry
+                        // a CallExp with that.
+                        exp = new CallExp(exp.loc, new TypeExp(exp.loc, cd.type.nextOf()), exp.argumentList.arguments, exp.argumentList.names);
+                        goto Lagain;
+                    }
+
                 if (exp.f.needThis())
                 {
                     if (hasThis(sc))

compiler/src/dmd/frontend.h

@@ -6151,6 +6151,9 @@ class AggregateDeclaration : public ScopeDsymbol
     Array<FuncDeclaration* > invs;
     FuncDeclaration* inv;
     Dsymbol* ctor;
+private:
+    FuncDeclaration* uninstantiatedCtors;
+public:
     CtorDeclaration* defaultCtor;
     AliasThis* aliasthis;
     Array<DtorDeclaration* > userDtors;

compiler/src/dmd/funcsem.d

@@ -1490,8 +1490,9 @@ enum FuncResolveFlag : ubyte
 }
 
 /*******************************************
- * Given a symbol that could be either a FuncDeclaration or
- * a function template, resolve it to a function symbol.
+ * Given a symbol that could be either a FuncDeclaration,
+ * a function template, or a struct template with constructors,
+ * resolve it to a function symbol.
  * Params:
  *      loc =           instantiation location
  *      sc =            instantiation scope

compiler/src/dmd/templatesem.d

@@ -2117,6 +2117,10 @@ void functionResolve(ref MatchAccumulator m, Dsymbol dstart, Loc loc, Scope* sc,
         //printf("td = %s\n", td.toChars());
 
         auto f = td.onemember ? td.onemember.isFuncDeclaration() : null;
+        if (!f && td.onemember)
+            if (auto ad = td.onemember.isAggregateDeclaration())
+                f = ad.getUninstantiatedCtors();
+
         if (!f)
         {
             if (!tiargs)
@@ -2362,7 +2366,8 @@ void functionResolve(ref MatchAccumulator m, Dsymbol dstart, Loc loc, Scope* sc,
     if (td_best && ti_best && m.count == 1)
     {
         // Matches to template function
-        assert(td_best.onemember && td_best.onemember.isFuncDeclaration());
+        assert(td_best.onemember);
+        assert(td_best.onemember.isFuncDeclaration() || td_best.onemember.isAggregateDeclaration());
         /* The best match is td_best with arguments tdargs.
          * Now instantiate the template.
          */
@@ -2373,7 +2378,12 @@ void functionResolve(ref MatchAccumulator m, Dsymbol dstart, Loc loc, Scope* sc,
         auto ti = new TemplateInstance(loc, td_best, ti_best.tiargs);
         ti.templateInstanceSemantic(sc, argumentList);
 
-        m.lastf = ti.toAlias().isFuncDeclaration();
+        auto ta = ti.toAlias();
+        if (auto ad = ta.isAggregateDeclaration())
+            m.lastf = ad.ctor.isFuncDeclaration();
+        else
+            m.lastf = ta.isFuncDeclaration();
+
         if (!m.lastf)
             goto Lnomatch;
         if (ti.errors)

compiler/test/compilable/template_param_deduction_ctor.d

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Template parameter deduction for constructors
+// dlang.org/dips/40
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Basic succes case
+struct Dip40(T)
+{
+	T x;
+    this(T x) { this.x = x; }
+}
+
+static assert (Dip40(30).x == 30);
+static assert ("a".Dip40.x == "a");
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Variadic template arguments
+struct Tuple(T...)
+{
+	T fields;
+    this(T t) { this.fields = t; }
+}
+
+static assert (Tuple(1, 2, 3).fields[0] == 1);
+static assert(is(typeof(Tuple('a', "b")) == Tuple!(char, string)));
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Constructor is required for now
+struct CtorLess(T)
+{
+	T x;
+}
+static assert(!is(typeof(CtorLess('a'))));
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Partial instantiation not supported
+struct Pair(T, U)
+{
+	T x;
+	U y;
+	this(T x, U y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; }
+}
+static assert(!is(typeof(Pair!char('a', "b"))));
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Ambiguity errors are checked
+struct Ambig(T)
+{
+	T x;
+    this(int x, int y) { this.x = x; }
+    this(T x) { this.x = x; }
+}
+static assert(!is(typeof(Ambig(0))));
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////

compiler/test/runnable/ifti.d

@@ -113,4 +113,12 @@ void main() {
         printf("%g\n", i);
     }
 
+	Array!string("test");
+}
+
+struct Array(T)
+{
+    this(U)(U...) {}
+    this(T single) { __ctor!T(single); }
+    this()() {}
 }