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FAIR Principles
Data are to be managed and controlled as enterprise assets– a source of information from which value is derived in the form of insight, knowledge, actionable decisions, reduced waste, and improved service. To derive value from data assets, we must assist “humans and machines in their discovery of, access to, integration and analysis of task-appropriate [data] and their associated algorithms and workflows.” [1]
For data and metadata (data describing the data) to be FAIR – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable – the following foundational principles guide data producers, software developers, and practitioners:
To be Findable, data and supplementary materials have sufficiently rich metadata and a unique and persistent identifier. Subprinciples include:
F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and eternally persistent identifier.
F2. data are described with rich metadata.
F3. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource.
F4. metadata specify the data identifier.
To be Accessible, metadata and data are understandable to humans and machines. Data is deposited in a trusted repository. Subprinciples include:
A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardized communications protocol.
A1.1 the protocol is open, free, and universally implementable.
A1.2 the protocol allows for an authentication and authorization procedure, where necessary.
A2. metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available.
To be Interoperable, metadata use a formal, accessible, shared, and broady applicable language for knowledge representations. Subprinciples include:
I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable language for knowledge representation.
I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles.
I3. (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data.
To be Re-usable, data and collections have a clear usage license and provide accurate information on provenance. Subprinciples include:
R1. (meta)data have a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes.
R1.1. (meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license.
R1.2. (meta)data are associated with their provenance.
R1.3. (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards.