diff --git a/2b-submanifolds.tex b/2b-submanifolds.tex index c178add..64533aa 100644 --- a/2b-submanifolds.tex +++ b/2b-submanifolds.tex @@ -54,15 +54,20 @@ \section{Inverse function theorem} Note that this theorem can fail for manifold with boundary. A counterexample\footnote{Exercise: why?} is given by the inclusion map $\cH^n \hookrightarrow \R^n$. -An important observation at this point is that the crucial property -of the mapping in the inverse function theorem is the rank of its -differential. -If we think in euclidean terms and remember that the differential of a map -is the best linear approximation to the map, then we can start -wondering if we can use this as a tool to probe the structure of manifolds -and their tangent spaces. - -In fact, if we restrict our attention to constant rank maps, that is, maps whose rank is the same at all points on the manifold, we can go quite a long way and the tool to get there is the following. +An important observation at this point is that the rank of the mapping +is a crucial property in the inverse function theorem and it is really a +property of its differential. +If we map our manifold via some function $F$ or via its charts into a +euclidean space in such a way that the rank of the mapping remains fixed, +and thus all the tangent spaces will be mapped to euclidean spaces of same dimensions, +we may be able to use the shape of the mapping itself to describe the +shape of the manifold. + +In fact, if we restrict our attention to constant rank maps, that is, +maps whose rank is the same at all points on the manifold, we can go quite a +long way and show that any manifold locally looks like a projection or an inclusion. +The tool to get there is the following, we will see more clearly the link with +projections and inclusions in the next subsection. \begin{theorem}[Rank theorem]\label{thm:rank} Let $F : M^m \to N^n$ be a smooth function between smooth manifolds without boundary\footnote{The theorem can be extended to allow $M$ with boundary and $N$ without boundary assuming $\ker dF_p \not\subseteq T_p\partial M$ but we will omit this case here to keep the discussion more contained and avoid unnecessary technicalities.}. diff --git a/2c-vectorbdl.tex b/2c-vectorbdl.tex index 5ca71bf..629c943 100644 --- a/2c-vectorbdl.tex +++ b/2c-vectorbdl.tex @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ \section{Vector bundles} Let $\pi:E \to M$ be a smooth vector bundle of rank $k$ over $M$. Let $U,V\subseteq M$, $U\cap V\neq \emptyset$. If $\varPhi : \pi^{-1}(U) \to U \times \R^k$ and $\Psi: \pi^{-1}(V) \to V \times \R^k$ are two smooth local trivializations of $E$, then there exists a smooth map $\tau: U\cap V \to GL(k, \R)$ such that \begin{align} - \varPhi\circ\Psi^{-1} : (U\cap V)\times\R^k &\to (U\cap V)\times \R^k \to (U\cap V)\times \R^k \\ + \varPhi\circ\Psi^{-1} : (U\cap V)\times\R^k &\to \pi^{-1}(U\cap V) \to (U\cap V)\times \R^k \\ (p,v) &\mapsto (p, \tau(p) v). \end{align} \end{lemma}