03_classification_q4.ipynb

{
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "v1Vbr6n4P4F0"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Setup"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wI8SiCfdP4F4"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# Python ≥3.5 is required\n",
        "import sys\n",
        "assert sys.version_info >= (3, 5)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Is this notebook running on Colab or Kaggle?\n",
        "IS_COLAB = \"google.colab\" in sys.modules\n",
        "IS_KAGGLE = \"kaggle_secrets\" in sys.modules\n",
        "\n",
        "# Scikit-Learn ≥0.20 is required\n",
        "import sklearn\n",
        "assert sklearn.__version__ >= \"0.20\"\n",
        "\n",
        "# Common imports\n",
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "import os\n",
        "\n",
        "# to make this notebook's output stable across runs\n",
        "np.random.seed(42)\n",
        "\n",
        "# To plot pretty figures\n",
        "%matplotlib inline\n",
        "import matplotlib as mpl\n",
        "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
        "mpl.rc('axes', labelsize=14)\n",
        "mpl.rc('xtick', labelsize=12)\n",
        "mpl.rc('ytick', labelsize=12)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Where to save the figures\n",
        "PROJECT_ROOT_DIR = \".\"\n",
        "CHAPTER_ID = \"classification\"\n",
        "IMAGES_PATH = os.path.join(PROJECT_ROOT_DIR, \"images\", CHAPTER_ID)\n",
        "os.makedirs(IMAGES_PATH, exist_ok=True)\n",
        "\n",
        "def save_fig(fig_id, tight_layout=True, fig_extension=\"png\", resolution=300):\n",
        "    path = os.path.join(IMAGES_PATH, fig_id + \".\" + fig_extension)\n",
        "    print(\"Saving figure\", fig_id)\n",
        "    if tight_layout:\n",
        "        plt.tight_layout()\n",
        "    plt.savefig(path, format=fig_extension, dpi=resolution)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FwPx0QUdP4H6"
      },
      "source": [
        "## 4. Spam classifier"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "igULsmNj1zy9"
      },
      "source": [
        "\n",
        "1. 데이터 다운로드(데이터 폴더관리, 압축풀기)\n",
        "2. 데이터 로드하기위해서 HAM/SPAM 각 데이터 경로 이용\n",
        "3. 데이터를 들여다보고 어떻게 SPAM 을 가려낼 건지\n",
        "\n",
        " 1) 데이터의 갯수 확인\n",
        "\n",
        " 2) 데이터의 형태 타입, 형태 확인\n",
        "   - 이메일 내용의 타입 확인 (email module),\n",
        "     각 타입별 갯수 확인\n",
        "   - import email을 이용해서 데이터를 읽고 , email 모듈을 이용하여 이메일 내용을 읽음\n",
        "4.데이터 전처리(텍스트데이터->벡터화)\n",
        "\n",
        " 1) if not plain text :필요없는 텍스트 제외(정규표현식, beautifulsoup) -> plain text\n",
        " \n",
        " 2) plain text -> 벡터화할 수 있게 전처리(어간추출)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jQNWKg1xDt72"
      },
      "source": [
        "홈페이지 주소를 이용한 파일 다운로드\n",
        "데이터 담을 폴더 생성과 확인\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "hZgIrXCJP4H7"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import os\n",
        "import tarfile\n",
        "import urllib.request\n",
        "\n",
        "# 홈페이지에서 다운로드\n",
        "DOWNLOAD_ROOT = \"http://spamassassin.apache.org/old/publiccorpus/\"\n",
        "HAM_URL = DOWNLOAD_ROOT + \"20030228_easy_ham.tar.bz2\"\n",
        "SPAM_URL = DOWNLOAD_ROOT + \"20030228_spam.tar.bz2\"\n",
        "SPAM_PATH = os.path.join(\"datasets\", \"spam\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Owfub0m093G_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def fetch_spam_data(ham_url=HAM_URL, spam_url=SPAM_URL, spam_path=SPAM_PATH):\n",
        "    if not os.path.isdir(spam_path): # 데이터를 담을 폴더\n",
        "        os.makedirs(spam_path)\n",
        "    for filename, url in ((\"ham.tar.bz2\", ham_url), (\"spam.tar.bz2\", spam_url)):\n",
        "        path = os.path.join(spam_path, filename) # 다운로드한 데이터 경로\n",
        "        if not os.path.isfile(path):\n",
        "            urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, path) # 만약 다운로드한 데이터에 파일이 없으면 재다운로드\n",
        "        tar_bz2_file = tarfile.open(path) # 압축풀기\n",
        "        tar_bz2_file.extractall(path=spam_path)\n",
        "        tar_bz2_file.close()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fRaZw1CuP4H7"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "fetch_spam_data()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "M5dMsl41CllX",
        "outputId": "d5ebb532-c072-444a-b822-548b2e03a490"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "ham.tar.bz2 http://spamassassin.apache.org/old/publiccorpus/20030228_easy_ham.tar.bz2 ...\n",
            "spam.tar.bz2 http://spamassassin.apache.org/old/publiccorpus/20030228_spam.tar.bz2 ...\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "# print(SPAM_PATH, SPAM_URL)\n",
        "for filename, url in ((\"ham.tar.bz2\", HAM_URL), (\"spam.tar.bz2\", SPAM_URL)):\n",
        "  print(filename, url,\"...\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "H8Fp9HWCP4H7"
      },
      "source": [
        "Next, let's load all the emails:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "R2SUDkAdP4H7"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "HAM_DIR = os.path.join(SPAM_PATH, \"easy_ham\")\n",
        "SPAM_DIR = os.path.join(SPAM_PATH, \"spam\")\n",
        "ham_filenames = [name for name in sorted(os.listdir(HAM_DIR)) if len(name) > 20]\n",
        "spam_filenames = [name for name in sorted(os.listdir(SPAM_DIR)) if len(name) > 20]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "10R7GEQnP4H8",
        "outputId": "c1ed523d-5888-4168-b30f-f4113a6ceb23"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "2500"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 17,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "len(ham_filenames)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "JUROstmrP4H8",
        "outputId": "4f4737d2-146a-457f-fd6e-08a9ab11dfa7"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "500"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 18,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "len(spam_filenames)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "nfrmIk2ZP4H9"
      },
      "source": [
        "We can use Python's `email` module to parse these emails (this handles headers, encoding, and so on):"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "DWS37L3TGmsJ",
        "outputId": "c6378f37-38f9-4aee-efac-951c8e806775"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "['00001.7c53336b37003a9286aba55d2945844c',\n",
              " '00002.9c4069e25e1ef370c078db7ee85ff9ac',\n",
              " '00003.860e3c3cee1b42ead714c5c874fe25f7',\n",
              " '00004.864220c5b6930b209cc287c361c99af1',\n",
              " '00005.bf27cdeaf0b8c4647ecd61b1d09da613']"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 23,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "ham_filenames[:5]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "WP6XSjFPF2rx"
      },
      "source": [
        "# 데이터 분석\n",
        "1. ham / spam 메일 갯수\n",
        "2. ham / spam 을 email 모듈을 이용해서 read\n",
        "3. email 모듈을 이용한 내용 출력 - html 형태라면 plain text 형태로 바꾸기 위해 전처리"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "g01lp3t7P4H9"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import email\n",
        "import email.policy\n",
        "\n",
        "def load_email(is_spam, filename, spam_path=SPAM_PATH):\n",
        "    directory = \"spam\" if is_spam else \"easy_ham\"\n",
        "    with open(os.path.join(spam_path, directory, filename), \"rb\") as f:\n",
        "        return email.parser.BytesParser(policy=email.policy.default).parse(f)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Z8YVrVM7P4H9"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "ham_emails = [load_email(is_spam=False, filename=name) for name in ham_filenames]\n",
        "spam_emails = [load_email(is_spam=True, filename=name) for name in spam_filenames]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "PnLKVmPHHGZX",
        "outputId": "69de4395-e129-45dc-a873-5789071497aa"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[<email.message.EmailMessage at 0x7f43a903c0a0>,\n",
              " <email.message.EmailMessage at 0x7f43a903c160>,\n",
              " <email.message.EmailMessage at 0x7f43a903c610>,\n",
              " <email.message.EmailMessage at 0x7f43a903c280>,\n",
              " <email.message.EmailMessage at 0x7f43a903c4f0>]"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 26,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "ham_emails[:5]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "XTv0jaJlP4H-",
        "outputId": "99fc5a7c-37a0-40c0-cb1c-6cb77b10ea71"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Martin A posted:\n",
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            " limestone of Mount Kerdylio, 70 miles east of Salonika and not far from the\n",
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            " \n",
            " As well as Alexander's granite features, 240 ft high and 170 ft wide, a\n",
            " museum, a restored amphitheatre and car park for admiring crowds are\n",
            "planned\n",
            "---------------------\n",
            "So is this mountain limestone or granite?\n",
            "If it's limestone, it'll weather pretty fast.\n",
            "\n",
            "------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ---------------------~-->\n",
            "4 DVDs Free +s&p Join Now\n",
            "http://us.click.yahoo.com/pt6YBB/NXiEAA/mG3HAA/7gSolB/TM\n",
            "---------------------------------------------------------------------~->\n",
            "\n",
            "To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:\n",
            "forteana-unsubscribe@egroups.com\n",
            "\n",
            " \n",
            "\n",
            "Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "print(ham_emails[1].get_content().strip())"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "h4pqWkpbP4H-",
        "outputId": "0418f44d-fe8f-424d-d12e-8d9de219b627"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Help wanted.  We are a 14 year old fortune 500 company, that is\n",
            "growing at a tremendous rate.  We are looking for individuals who\n",
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            "So if you are looking to be employed from home with a career that has\n",
            "vast opportunities, then go:\n",
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            "http://www.basetel.com/wealthnow\n",
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            "http://www.basetel.com/remove.html\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "4139vOLW7-758DoDY1425FRhM1-764SMFc8513fCsLl40\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "print(spam_emails[6].get_content().strip())"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "k4kCGdSSP4H_"
      },
      "source": [
        "Some emails are actually multipart, with images and attachments (which can have their own attachments). Let's look at the various types of structures we have:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zl-l2YRfOYwx"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def type_check(emails):\n",
        "  emails_type = []\n",
        "  for e in emails:\n",
        "    emails_type.append(e.get_content_type())\n",
        "  return set(emails_type)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "uBRsIV7HO082",
        "outputId": "cb56aba9-5d5b-493a-ac82-52ff7846f7b5"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'multipart/alternative',\n",
              " 'multipart/mixed',\n",
              " 'multipart/related',\n",
              " 'text/html',\n",
              " 'text/plain'}"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 42,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "type_check(ham_emails)\n",
        "type_check(spam_emails)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "LufpdWQ2P4H_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def get_email_structure(email):\n",
        "    if isinstance(email, str): # email이 str 타입이면\n",
        "        return email\n",
        "    payload = email.get_payload() \n",
        "    if isinstance(payload, list):\n",
        "        return \"multipart({})\".format(\", \".join([\n",
        "            get_email_structure(sub_email)\n",
        "            for sub_email in payload\n",
        "        ]))\n",
        "    else:\n",
        "        return email.get_content_type()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "sYn3CrN8P4H_"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "from collections import Counter\n",
        "\n",
        "def structures_counter(emails):\n",
        "    structures = Counter()\n",
        "    for email in emails:\n",
        "        structure = get_email_structure(email)\n",
        "        structures[structure] += 1\n",
        "    return structures"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wkbOzLpFP4IA",
        "outputId": "3994932d-5bbb-4959-e69a-83ff4b02cd81"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[('text/plain', 2408),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, application/pgp-signature)', 66),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, text/html)', 8),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, text/plain)', 4),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain)', 3),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, application/octet-stream)', 2),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, text/enriched)', 1),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, application/ms-tnef, text/plain)', 1),\n",
              " ('multipart(multipart(text/plain, text/plain, text/plain), application/pgp-signature)',\n",
              "  1),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, video/mng)', 1),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, multipart(text/plain))', 1),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, application/x-pkcs7-signature)', 1),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, multipart(text/plain, text/plain), text/rfc822-headers)',\n",
              "  1),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, multipart(text/plain, text/plain), multipart(multipart(text/plain, application/x-pkcs7-signature)))',\n",
              "  1),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, application/x-java-applet)', 1)]"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 136,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "structures_counter(ham_emails).most_common()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "T7JtElJLSSFZ",
        "outputId": "26669b8d-8c15-46e4-816b-15515f0c98bc"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
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            "\n",
            "This is a multi-part message in MIME format.\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_00C1_01C25017.F2F04E20\n",
            "Content-Type: text/plain;\n",
            "\tcharset=\"Windows-1252\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "I'm using Simple DNS from JHSoft.  We support only a few web sites and =\n",
            "I'd like to swap secondary services with someone in a similar position.\n",
            "\n",
            "We have a static IP, DSL line and a 24/7 set of web, SQL, mail and now a =\n",
            "DNS server.  As I said, we are hosting about 10 web sites, web and DNS =\n",
            "traffic is almost nothing.  Everything is on lightly loaded APC battery =\n",
            "backups so we are very seldom down.\n",
            "\n",
            "I'd like to swap with someone also using Simple DNS to take advantage of =\n",
            "the trusted zone file transfer option.\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Bob Musser\n",
            "Database Services, Inc.\n",
            "Makers of:\n",
            "   Process Server's Toolbox\n",
            "   Courier Service Toolbox\n",
            "BobM@dbsinfo.com\n",
            "www.dbsinfo.com\n",
            "106 Longhorn Road\n",
            "Winter Park FL 32792\n",
            "(407) 679-1539\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_00C1_01C25017.F2F04E20\n",
            "Content-Type: text/html;\n",
            "\tcharset=\"Windows-1252\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\">\n",
            "<HTML><HEAD>\n",
            "<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D\"text/html; =\n",
            "charset=3Dwindows-1252\">\n",
            "<META content=3D\"MSHTML 6.00.2716.2200\" name=3DGENERATOR>\n",
            "<STYLE></STYLE>\n",
            "</HEAD>\n",
            "<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2>I'm using Simple DNS from JHSoft.&nbsp; We support =\n",
            "only a few=20\n",
            "web sites and I'd like to swap secondary services with someone in a =\n",
            "similar=20\n",
            "position.</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2>We have a static IP, DSL line and a 24/7 set of web, =\n",
            "SQL, mail=20\n",
            "and now a DNS server.&nbsp; As I said, we are hosting about 10 web =\n",
            "sites, web=20\n",
            "and DNS traffic is almost nothing.&nbsp; Everything is on lightly loaded =\n",
            "APC=20\n",
            "battery backups so we are very seldom down.</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2>I'd like to swap with someone also using Simple DNS =\n",
            "to take=20\n",
            "advantage of the trusted zone file transfer option.</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Bob Musser<BR>Database Services, Inc.<BR>Makers=20\n",
            "of:<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; Process Server's Toolbox<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; Courier =\n",
            "Service=20\n",
            "Toolbox<BR><A =\n",
            "href=3D\"mailto:BobM@dbsinfo.com\">BobM@dbsinfo.com</A><BR><A=20\n",
            "href=3D\"http://www.dbsinfo.com\">www.dbsinfo.com</A><BR>106 Longhorn =\n",
            "Road<BR>Winter=20\n",
            "Park FL 32792<BR>(407) 679-1539</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_00C1_01C25017.F2F04E20--\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "--\n",
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            "    Sat, 31 Aug 2002 01:30:02 +1000\n",
            "Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2002 10:30:36 -0500\n",
            "Subject: Re: Tiny DNS Swap\n",
            "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=Apple-Mail-2-874629474\n",
            "MIME-Version: 1.0 (Apple Message framework v543)\n",
            "From: Javier Cota <javier@linkcreations.com.mx>\n",
            "To: \"DNS-swap\" <DNS-swap@lists.ironclad.net.au>\n",
            "In-Reply-To: <00c401c25039$7b055460$976fa8c0@cfl.rr.com>\n",
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            "\n",
            "--Apple-Mail-2-874629474\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "Content-Type: text/plain;\n",
            "\tcharset=ISO-8859-1;\n",
            "\tformat=flowed\n",
            "\n",
            "Bob\n",
            "\n",
            "We are a commercial company who host around 150 web sites on each of it=20=\n",
            "\n",
            "servers, we can=B4t swap with you because we need someone in a similar=20=\n",
            "\n",
            "position.\n",
            "\n",
            "Thank you\n",
            "\n",
            "Javier\n",
            "\n",
            "El Viernes, 30 agosto, 2002, a las 10:25 AM, Bob Musser escribi=F3:\n",
            "\n",
            "> I'm using Simple DNS from JHSoft.=A0 We support only a few web sites =\n",
            "and=20\n",
            "> I'd like to swap secondary services with someone in a similar > =\n",
            "position.\n",
            "> =A0\n",
            "> We have a static IP, DSL line and a 24/7 set of web, SQL, mail and now=20=\n",
            "\n",
            "> a DNS server.=A0 As I said, we are hosting about 10 web sites, web and=20=\n",
            "\n",
            "> DNS traffic is almost nothing.=A0 Everything is on lightly loaded APC=20=\n",
            "\n",
            "> battery backups so we are very seldom down.\n",
            "> =A0\n",
            "> I'd like to swap with someone also using Simple DNS to take advantage=20=\n",
            "\n",
            "> of the trusted zone file transfer option.\n",
            "> =A0\n",
            "> =A0\n",
            "> =A0\n",
            "> Bob Musser\n",
            "> Database Services, Inc.\n",
            "> Makers of:\n",
            "> =A0=A0 Process Server's Toolbox\n",
            "> =A0=A0 Courier Service Toolbox\n",
            "> BobM@dbsinfo.com\n",
            "> www.dbsinfo.com\n",
            "> 106 Longhorn Road\n",
            "> Winter Park FL 32792\n",
            "> (407) 679-1539\n",
            "> =A0\n",
            "> =A0\n",
            ">\n",
            "---\n",
            "Atentamente\n",
            "Javier Cota\n",
            "Integraci=F3n tecnol=F3gica\n",
            "52723341\n",
            "javier@linkcreations.com.mx\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "--Apple-Mail-2-874629474\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "Content-Type: text/enriched;\n",
            "\tcharset=ISO-8859-1\n",
            "\n",
            "Bob\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "We are a commercial company who host around 150 web sites on each of\n",
            "it servers, we can=B4t swap with you because we need someone in a\n",
            "similar position.\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Thank you\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Javier=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "El Viernes, 30 agosto, 2002, a las 10:25 AM, Bob Musser escribi=F3:\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "<excerpt><smaller>I'm using Simple DNS from JHSoft.=A0 We support only a\n",
            "few web sites and I'd like to swap secondary services with someone in\n",
            "a similar position.</smaller>\n",
            "\n",
            "=A0\n",
            "\n",
            "<smaller>We have a static IP, DSL line and a 24/7 set of web, SQL,\n",
            "mail and now a DNS server.=A0 As I said, we are hosting about 10 web\n",
            "sites, web and DNS traffic is almost nothing.=A0 Everything is on\n",
            "lightly loaded APC battery backups so we are very seldom down.</smaller>\n",
            "\n",
            "=A0\n",
            "\n",
            "<smaller>I'd like to swap with someone also using Simple DNS to take\n",
            "advantage of the trusted zone file transfer option.</smaller>\n",
            "\n",
            "=A0\n",
            "\n",
            "=A0\n",
            "\n",
            "=A0\n",
            "\n",
            "<smaller>Bob Musser\n",
            "\n",
            "Database Services, Inc.\n",
            "\n",
            "Makers of:\n",
            "\n",
            "=A0=A0 Process Server's Toolbox\n",
            "\n",
            "=A0=A0 Courier Service Toolbox\n",
            "\n",
            "<underline><color><param>1999,1999,FFFF</param>BobM@dbsinfo.com\n",
            "\n",
            "www.dbsinfo.com\n",
            "\n",
            "</color></underline>106 Longhorn Road\n",
            "\n",
            "Winter Park FL 32792\n",
            "\n",
            "(407) 679-1539</smaller>\n",
            "\n",
            "=A0\n",
            "\n",
            "=A0\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "</excerpt>---\n",
            "\n",
            "Atentamente\n",
            "\n",
            "Javier Cota\n",
            "\n",
            "Integraci=F3n tecnol=F3gica\n",
            "\n",
            "52723341\n",
            "\n",
            "javier@linkcreations.com.mx\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "--Apple-Mail-2-874629474--\n",
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            "Subject: Bush Covers the Waterfront\n",
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            "Media Unspun\n",
            "What the Press is Reporting and Why (www.mediaunspun.com)\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "October 8, 2002\n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "IN THIS ISSUE\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "* BUSH COVERS THE WATERFRONT\n",
            "* THE BIGGEST CABLE HOOKUP\n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "EDITOR'S NOTE\n",
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            "or check.\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
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            "Pop!Tech 2002\n",
            "October 18 - 20, 2002: Camden, Maine\n",
            "Join 500 big thinkers to discuss\n",
            "the collision of technology and culture\n",
            "Register now at: http://www.poptech.org\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "BUSH COVERS THE WATERFRONT\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "It may seem like all Iraq, all the time in the Oval Office, but\n",
            "the president has at least one other thing on his mind this\n",
            "week: that pesky port lockout. The freight still isn't moving,\n",
            "factories are running out of parts, produce is rotting, and\n",
            "retailers are more freaked about Christmas with every passing\n",
            "day. \n",
            "\n",
            "On Monday, Bush stepped in and appointed a three-member panel to \n",
            "see how badly this shutdown is hosing the economy. (We hope this \n",
            "isn't a difficult question, as the panel's been given all of one \n",
            "day to report back.) When Bush gets the report on Tuesday, the\n",
            "next step might be a court order to reopen the ports under the\n",
            "1947 Taft-Hartley Act. That would send employees back to work\n",
            "for 80 days while federal mediators duke it out over the\n",
            "disputed contract and retailers lower their Xanax dosages.\n",
            "\n",
            "Invoking Taft-Hartley requires a threat to national health or\n",
            "safety -- not the economy. But Labor Secretary Elaine Chao\n",
            "covered that base in a statement on Monday, saying the work\n",
            "stoppage threatens the flow of supplies to the military (we knew \n",
            "Iraq would be in here somewhere). \"Union officials quickly\n",
            "responded that their members have been unloading military cargo\n",
            "throughout the 10-day shutdown,\" said the L.A. Times, but an\n",
            "anonymous Bush administration official \"said that only a portion \n",
            "of what the Defense Department needs has made it ashore.\"\n",
            "\n",
            "Politically, this has been a tricky one. Using Taft-Hartley\n",
            "would annoy labor right before congressional elections. On the\n",
            "other hand, \"Voter discontent with Bush's handling of the\n",
            "increasingly fragile economic recovery has begun showing up in\n",
            "polls, and such concerns may have outweighed the political\n",
            "danger to the Republican administration,\" said the San Francisco \n",
            "Chronicle. Also, Bush stepped in on the same day that a poll\n",
            "reported two-thirds of Americans wanted him to focus more on the \n",
            "economy. \"Though the administration promised an unbiased\n",
            "examination of the lockout, Bush appeared to have made up his\n",
            "mind that it was hurting national security and the economy,\n",
            "andmerited federal intervention,\" said the AP. \n",
            "\n",
            "As for Taft-Hartley, it's not exactly famous for solving labor\n",
            "disputes. Often the 80-day cooling-off period ends, and workers\n",
            "simply walk out again (or get locked out again, in this case).\n",
            "One gets the sense, however, that fixing the dockworkers'\n",
            "contract isn't the point of this particular 80 days. It's 78\n",
            "days until Christmas. The race is on. - Jen Muehlbauer\n",
            "\n",
            "President Acts To Halt Port Lockout for 80 Days (Seattle\n",
            "Times)\n",
            "http://tinyurl.com/1usn\n",
            "\n",
            "Bush Expected To Act on Ports Crisis \n",
            "http://www.accessatlanta.com/ajc/business/1002/08ports.html\n",
            "\n",
            "President Moves Toward Forcing the Reopening of West Coast\n",
            "Ports\n",
            "http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-ports8oct08001439,0,1021983.story\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Bush Takes Step Toward Halting Lockout After West Coast Port\n",
            "Talks Break Off (AP)\n",
            "http://tinyurl.com/1usk\n",
            "\n",
            "White House Intervenes on Docks Dispute (Financial Times)\n",
            "http://tinyurl.com/1usm\n",
            "\n",
            "Cooling-off Period Likely in Port Fight (SF Chronicle)\n",
            "http://tinyurl.com/1usp\n",
            "\n",
            "Bush Moves Toward Halting Port Shutdown\n",
            "http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/national/08PORT.html\n",
            "\n",
            "Trouble On The Docks\n",
            "http://online.wsj.com/page/0,,2_0864,00.html\n",
            "(Paid subscription required.)\n",
            "\n",
            "Charges of Politics Have Dogged Taft-Hartley Act\n",
            "http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/90243_hartley08.shtml\n",
            "\n",
            "Taft-Hartley Act No Quick-Fix For Port Dispute (Reuters)\n",
            "http://www.forbes.com/work/newswire/2002/10/02/rtr739458.html\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "ADVERTISEMENT\n",
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            "SPECIAL OFFER!   Save 24% on a subscription to MIT TECHNOLOGY\n",
            "REVIEW. Get an inside view into the technologies, deals, and\n",
            "companies emerging from one of the leading research institutes\n",
            "-- MIT. \n",
            "http://www.technologyinsider.com/new/news1 \n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "THE BIGGEST CABLE HOOKUP\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "wo birds want to join forces and the FCC is about to cry \"fowl.\" \n",
            "We mean \"foul.\" The two dominant direct broadcast satellite\n",
            "players want to join forces, the better to compete with Big\n",
            "Cable. Federal regulators, both the FCC and the Justice\n",
            "Department, are concerned that the resulting conglomerate of\n",
            "DirecTV with Dish Network would command roughly 95% of satellite \n",
            "service in the US.\n",
            "\n",
            "The press could not settle on a price tag for the proposed\n",
            "merger between EchoStar Communications and Hughes Electronics -- \n",
            "it was described as being worth anywhere from $15 billion and\n",
            "$25 billion. It was a challenge to keep the players straight, as \n",
            "some outlets talked of a merger between the corporate parents,\n",
            "and others referred to the service monikers. Hughes is DirecTV\n",
            "and EchoStar is Dish. All straight?\n",
            "\n",
            "The two companies sent a letter to the FCC urging them to hold\n",
            "off ruling on (read, rejecting) the merger until the Justice\n",
            "Department has spoken. EchoStar and Hughes offered unspecified\n",
            "\"major revisions\" to the deal that they want to discuss with\n",
            "Justice in the next weeks.\n",
            "\n",
            "The Wall Street Journal delved deeply into the form those\n",
            "revisions could take -- specifically, selling some frequencies\n",
            "to Cablevision. The Journal reported that Cablevision has wanted \n",
            "to get into the satellite business for 10 years and outlined the \n",
            "cable company's plans and past spending on such a project.\n",
            "\n",
            "TheStreet.com turned in an extensive analysis of the deal for\n",
            "investors in the satellite space. It seems the market for\n",
            "expanded-service television may be nearing saturation.\n",
            "TheStreet.com quoted an analyst's report which concluded,\n",
            "\"Consumers should benefit from ... continued rivalry, but\n",
            "shareholders may realize much smaller returns.\"\n",
            "\n",
            "The New York Times and the Journal both mentioned Rupert Murdoch \n",
            "waiting in the wings. Last year Murdoch's News Corp. bid for\n",
            "DirecTV, but lost out at the last minute to EchoStar. If the\n",
            "current deal falls through, he'll be back. - Keith Dawson\n",
            "\n",
            "EchoStar and Hughes Propose Concessions in Bid to Save Deal\n",
            "http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB103403314258094560,00.html\n",
            "(Paid subscription required)\n",
            "\n",
            "Regulators Set to Block EchoStar's Hughes Purchase\n",
            "http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1033939901346228393,00.html\n",
            "(Paid subscription required)\n",
            "\n",
            "'Last-ditch effort' (Rocky Mountain News)\n",
            "http://tinyurl.com/1upi\n",
            "\n",
            "EchoStar, Hughes See a Glimmer of Hope\n",
            "http://www.thestreet.com/tech/georgemannes/10046366.html\n",
            "\n",
            "F.C.C. Asked to Put Off Merger Ruling\n",
            "http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/business/media/08BIRD.html\n",
            "\n",
            "EchoStar, Hughes ask FCC to defer decision\n",
            "http://www.nypost.com/business/59145.htm\n",
            "\n",
            "EchoStar, Hughes offer merger changes (Reuters) \n",
            "http://news.com.com/2100-1023-961138.html\n",
            "\n",
            "Delay in satellite-TV merger OK requested (AP)\n",
            "http://www.bayarea.com/mld/mercurynews/business/4236430.htm\n",
            "\n",
            "EchoStar, Hughes Seek to Delay Ruling\n",
            "http://www.latimes.com/technology/la-fi-echo8oct08,0,3454976.story\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "EchoStar pleads to FCC on merger (Denver Post)\n",
            "http://tinyurl.com/1ut7\n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "OTHER STORIES\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "SEC Probes AOL-Oxygen Pact For Double-Booking of Revenue\n",
            "http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1033938113684731193,00.html\n",
            "(Paid subscription required.)\n",
            "\n",
            "Tivo Raises $25 Million in Stock Offering (AP)\n",
            "http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/4235118.htm\n",
            "\n",
            "WorldCom Officer Pleads Guilty to Fraud\n",
            "http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A57300-2002Oct7.html\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Two Magazines Are Shut and a Third Revamps\n",
            "http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/business/media/08MAG.html\n",
            "\n",
            "Regulators Say They Have CSFB 'Smoking Gun'\n",
            "http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/banking/2002-10-06-csfb_x.htm\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Expected Cold Winter Could Increase Natural Gas Prices \n",
            "http://www.accessatlanta.com/ajc/business/1002/08gas.html\n",
            "\n",
            "Frozen World Found Beyond Pluto\n",
            "http://www.msnbc.com/news/818195.asp\n",
            "\n",
            "Fool Me Once\n",
            "http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/opinion/08KRUG.html\n",
            "\n",
            "New Northwest System for Internet Bookings\n",
            "http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/business/08MEMO.html\n",
            "\n",
            "The Fastest-Growing Tech Companies\n",
            "http://www.business2.com/b2100/0,,1-1,00.html\n",
            "\n",
            "Debating the Baby Bells\n",
            "http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/07/business/07PLAC.html\n",
            "(Paid subscription required)\n",
            "\n",
            "Silicon Valley Is Yearning For User-Friendly Microsoft\n",
            "http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1034036651300028760,00.html\n",
            "(Paid subscription required)\n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "Do you want to reach the Net's savviest audience?\n",
            "Advertise in Media Unspun.\n",
            "Contact Erik Vanderkolk for details at erikvanderkolk@yahoo.com \n",
            "today.\n",
            "\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "STAFF\n",
            "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            "Written by Deborah Asbrand (dasbrand@world.std.com), Keith\n",
            "Dawson (dawson@world.std.com), Jen Muehlbauer\n",
            "(jen@englishmajor.com), and Lori Patel (loripatel@hotmail.com).\n",
            "\n",
            "Copyedited by Jim Duffy (jimduffy86@yahoo.com). \n",
            "Advertising: Erik Vanderkolk (erikvanderkolk@yahoo.com). \n",
            "Editor and publisher: Jimmy Guterman (guterman@vineyard.com).\n",
            "\n",
            "Media Unspun is produced by The Vineyard Group Inc. \n",
            "Copyright 2002 Media Unspun, Inc., and The Vineyard Group, Inc.\n",
            "\n",
            "Subscribe already, willya? http://www.mediaunspun.com\n",
            " \n",
            "Redistribution by email is permitted as long as a link to\n",
            "http://newsletter.mediaunspun.com is included.\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "-|________________\n",
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            "\n",
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            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
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            "=20\n",
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            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTuesday, October 8, 2002\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</td>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t<td align=3D\"center\" width=3D\"34%\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</td>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t<td align=3D\"right\" width=3D\"33%\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</td>\n",
            "\t\t=20\n",
            "\t\t</tr>\n",
            "\t\t</table>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- COLUMN: 1 -->\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr></table><table bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"=\n",
            "0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" width=3D\"100%\" cols=3D\"2\">\n",
            "\t<tr><td width=3D\"483\" valign=3D\"top\" bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><!-- 2,1:contents=\n",
            " -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\"><br><FONT face=3DArial size=3D4><ST=\n",
            "RONG>Top Spins...</STRONG></FONT></font>\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><td>\n",
            "\t =20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"Verdana,Arial\" size=3D\"1\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t<A HREF=3D\"#a99481\"\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=3D\"a281108918594507-contents_article_title\"\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\tBush Covers the Waterfront\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</a></font>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 2,2:contents -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><td>\n",
            "\t =20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"Verdana,Arial\" size=3D\"1\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t<A HREF=3D\"#a99482\"\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=3D\"a281108918597543-contents_article_title\"\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\tThe Biggest Cable Hookup\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</a></font>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr><tr><td><img src=3D\"http://www.imakenews.com/eletra/empty.gif\" =\n",
            "height=3D\"1\" width=3D\"1\"></td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><td>\n",
            "\t =20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"Verdana,Arial\" size=3D\"1\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t<A HREF=3D\"#a99483\"\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=3D\"a281108918597543-contents_article_title\"\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\tOther Stories\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</a></font>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 2,3:article_view -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\"><br></font>\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><td>\n",
            "\t<a name=3D\"a66461\"></a> =20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"Arial\" size=3D\"4\"><b>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\tEditor's Note\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</b>\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<P>Is Media Unspun useful to you? Then pass it on to a colleague. The =\n",
            "more readers we have, the more successful we'll be. The more successful we =\n",
            "are, the more useful we can be to you. Pass it on!</P><P>\n",
            "Media Unspun serves business news and analysis, authoritatively and irrever=\n",
            "ently, every business day. An annual subscription costs $50, less than a do=\n",
            "llar a week. If your four-week free trial is coming to an end soon, please =\n",
            "visit <A HREF=3D\"http://www.mediaunspun.com/subscribe.html\">http://www.medi=\n",
            "aunspun.com/subscribe.html</A>  and sign up via credit card or check.<br>\n",
            "</P>\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 2,4:article_view -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\"><FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1><STRO=\n",
            "NG>Sponsor</STRONG></FONT></font>\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"1\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#000000\">=20\n",
            "<tr><td>\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFCC\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFCC\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFCC\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFCC\"><td>\n",
            "\t<a name=3D\"a59384\"></a>=20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<P>Pop!Tech 2002<br>\n",
            "October 18 - 20, 2002: Camden, Maine<br>\n",
            "Join 500 big thinkers to discuss<br>\n",
            "the collision of technology and culture<br>\n",
            "Register now at: <A HREF=3D\"http://www.poptech.org\">http://www.poptech.org<=\n",
            "/A> <br>\n",
            "</P>\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 2,5:article_view -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><td>\n",
            "\t<a name=3D\"a99481\"></a> =20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"Arial\" size=3D\"4\"><b>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\tBush Covers the Waterfront\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</b>\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<P>It may seem like all Iraq, all the time in the Oval Office, but the=\n",
            " president has at least one other thing on his mind this week: that pesky p=\n",
            "ort lockout. The freight still isn't moving, factories are running out of p=\n",
            "arts, produce is rotting, and retailers are more freaked about Christmas wi=\n",
            "th every passing day. </P><P>\n",
            "On Monday, Bush stepped in and appointed a three-member panel to see how ba=\n",
            "dly this shutdown is hosing the economy. (We hope this isn't a difficult qu=\n",
            "estion, as the panel's been given all of one day to report back.) When Bush=\n",
            " gets the report on Tuesday, the next step might be a court order to reopen=\n",
            " the ports under the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act. That would send employees back =\n",
            "to work for 80 days while federal mediators duke it out over the disputed c=\n",
            "ontract and retailers lower their Xanax\n",
            "dosages.</P><P>\n",
            "Invoking Taft-Hartley requires a threat to national health or safety -- not=\n",
            " the economy. But Labor Secretary Elaine Chao covered that base in a statem=\n",
            "ent on Monday, saying the work stoppage threatens the flow of supplies to t=\n",
            "he military (we knew Iraq would be in here somewhere). \"Union officials qui=\n",
            "ckly responded that their members have been unloading military cargo throug=\n",
            "hout the 10-day shutdown,\" said the L.A. Times, but an anonymous Bush admin=\n",
            "istration official \"said that only a portion of\n",
            "what the Defense Department needs has made it ashore.\"</P><P>\n",
            "Politically, this has been a tricky one. Using Taft-Hartley would annoy lab=\n",
            "or right before congressional elections. On the other hand, \"Voter disconte=\n",
            "nt with Bush's handling of the increasingly fragile economic recovery has b=\n",
            "egun showing up in polls, and such concerns may have outweighed the politic=\n",
            "al danger to the Republican administration,\" said the San Francisco Chronic=\n",
            "le. Also, Bush stepped in on the same day that a poll reported two-thirds o=\n",
            "f Americans wanted him to focus more on the\n",
            "economy. \"Though the administration promised an unbiased examination of the=\n",
            " lockout, Bush appeared to have made up his mind that it was hurting nation=\n",
            "al security and the economy, andmerited federal intervention,\" said the AP.=\n",
            " </P><P>\n",
            "As for Taft-Hartley, it's not exactly famous for solving labor disputes. Of=\n",
            "ten the 80-day cooling-off period ends, and workers simply walk out again (=\n",
            "or get locked out again, in this case). One gets the sense, however, that f=\n",
            "ixing the dockworkers' contract isn't the point of this particular 80 days.=\n",
            " It's 78 days until Christmas. The race is on. - Jen Muehlbauer</P><P>\n",
            "President Acts To Halt Port Lockout for 80 Days (Seattle Times)<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://tinyurl.com/1usn\">http://tinyurl.com/1usn</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Bush Expected To Act on Ports Crisis <br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.accessatlanta.com/ajc/business/1002/08ports.html\">htt=\n",
            "p://www.accessatlanta.com/ajc/business/1002/08ports.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "President Moves Toward Forcing the Reopening of West Coast Ports<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-ports8oct08001439,0,102198=\n",
            "3.story\">http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-ports8oct08001439,0,1021983.=\n",
            "story</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Bush Takes Step Toward Halting Lockout After West Coast Port Talks Break Of=\n",
            "f (AP)<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://tinyurl.com/1usk\">http://tinyurl.com/1usk</A> </P><P>\n",
            "White House Intervenes on Docks Dispute (Financial Times)<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://tinyurl.com/1usm\">http://tinyurl.com/1usm</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Cooling-off Period Likely in Port Fight (SF Chronicle)<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://tinyurl.com/1usp\">http://tinyurl.com/1usp</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Bush Moves Toward Halting Port Shutdown<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/national/08PORT.html\">http://w=\n",
            "ww.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/national/08PORT.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Trouble On The Docks<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://online.wsj.com/page/0,,2_0864,00.html\">http://online.wsj.=\n",
            "com/page/0,,2_0864,00.html</A> <br>\n",
            "(Paid subscription required.)</P><P>\n",
            "Charges of Politics Have Dogged Taft-Hartley Act<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/90243_hartley08.shtml\">ht=\n",
            "tp://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/90243_hartley08.shtml</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Taft-Hartley Act No Quick-Fix For Port Dispute (Reuters)<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.forbes.com/work/newswire/2002/10/02/rtr739458.html\">h=\n",
            "ttp://www.forbes.com/work/newswire/2002/10/02/rtr739458.html</A> <br>\n",
            "</P>\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 2,6:article_view -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\"><FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1><STRO=\n",
            "NG>Sponsor</STRONG></FONT></font>\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"1\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#000000\">=20\n",
            "<tr><td>\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFCC\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFCC\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFCC\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFCC\"><td>\n",
            "\t<a name=3D\"a75853\"></a>=20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<P>SPECIAL OFFER!   Save 24% on a subscription to MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIE=\n",
            "W. Get an inside view into the technologies, deals, and companies emerging =\n",
            "from one of the leading research institutes -- MIT. <br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.technologyinsider.com/new/news1\">http://www.technolog=\n",
            "yinsider.com/new/news1</A>  </P>\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 2,7:article_view -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><td>\n",
            "\t<a name=3D\"a99482\"></a> =20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"Arial\" size=3D\"4\"><b>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\tThe Biggest Cable Hookup\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</b>\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<P>wo birds want to join forces and the FCC is about to cry \"fowl.\" We=\n",
            " mean \"foul.\" The two dominant direct broadcast satellite players want to j=\n",
            "oin forces, the better to compete with Big Cable. Federal regulators, both =\n",
            "the FCC and the Justice Department, are concerned that the resulting conglo=\n",
            "merate of DirecTV with Dish Network would command roughly 95% of satellite =\n",
            "service in the US.</P><P>\n",
            "The press could not settle on a price tag for the proposed merger between E=\n",
            "choStar Communications and Hughes Electronics -- it was described as being =\n",
            "worth anywhere from $15 billion and $25 billion. It was a challenge to keep=\n",
            " the players straight, as some outlets talked of a merger between the corpo=\n",
            "rate parents, and others referred to the service monikers. Hughes is DirecT=\n",
            "V and EchoStar is Dish. All straight?</P><P>\n",
            "The two companies sent a letter to the FCC urging them to hold off ruling o=\n",
            "n (read, rejecting) the merger until the Justice Department has spoken. Ech=\n",
            "oStar and Hughes offered unspecified \"major revisions\" to the deal that the=\n",
            "y want to discuss with Justice in the next weeks.</P><P>\n",
            "The Wall Street Journal delved deeply into the form those revisions could t=\n",
            "ake -- specifically, selling some frequencies to Cablevision. The Journal r=\n",
            "eported that Cablevision has wanted to get into the satellite business for =\n",
            "10 years and outlined the cable company's plans and past spending on such a=\n",
            " project.</P><P>\n",
            "TheStreet.com turned in an extensive analysis of the deal for investors in =\n",
            "the satellite space. It seems the market for expanded-service television ma=\n",
            "y be nearing saturation. TheStreet.com quoted an analyst's report which con=\n",
            "cluded, \"Consumers should benefit from ... continued rivalry, but sharehold=\n",
            "ers may realize much smaller returns.\"</P><P>\n",
            "The New York Times and the Journal both mentioned Rupert Murdoch waiting in=\n",
            " the wings. Last year Murdoch's News Corp. bid for DirecTV, but lost out at=\n",
            " the last minute to EchoStar. If the current deal falls through, he'll be b=\n",
            "ack. - Keith Dawson</P><P>\n",
            "EchoStar and Hughes Propose Concessions in Bid to Save Deal<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB103403314258094560,00.html\">h=\n",
            "ttp://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB103403314258094560,00.html</A> <br>\n",
            "(Paid subscription required)</P><P>\n",
            "Regulators Set to Block EchoStar's Hughes Purchase<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1033939901346228393,00.html\">=\n",
            "http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1033939901346228393,00.html</A> <br>\n",
            "(Paid subscription required)</P><P>\n",
            "'Last-ditch effort' (Rocky Mountain News)<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://tinyurl.com/1upi\">http://tinyurl.com/1upi</A> </P><P>\n",
            "EchoStar, Hughes See a Glimmer of Hope<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.thestreet.com/tech/georgemannes/10046366.html\">http:/=\n",
            "/www.thestreet.com/tech/georgemannes/10046366.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "F.C.C. Asked to Put Off Merger Ruling<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/business/media/08BIRD.html\">ht=\n",
            "tp://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/business/media/08BIRD.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "EchoStar, Hughes ask FCC to defer decision<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.nypost.com/business/59145.htm\">http://www.nypost.com/=\n",
            "business/59145.htm</A> </P><P>\n",
            "EchoStar, Hughes offer merger changes (Reuters) <br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://news.com.com/2100-1023-961138.html\">http://news.com.com/2=\n",
            "100-1023-961138.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Delay in satellite-TV merger OK requested (AP)<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.bayarea.com/mld/mercurynews/business/4236430.htm\">htt=\n",
            "p://www.bayarea.com/mld/mercurynews/business/4236430.htm</A> </P><P>\n",
            "EchoStar, Hughes Seek to Delay Ruling<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.latimes.com/technology/la-fi-echo8oct08,0,3454976.sto=\n",
            "ry\">http://www.latimes.com/technology/la-fi-echo8oct08,0,3454976.story</A> =\n",
            "</P><P>\n",
            "EchoStar pleads to FCC on merger (Denver Post)<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://tinyurl.com/1ut7\">http://tinyurl.com/1ut7</A> </P>\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><td>\n",
            "\t<a name=3D\"a99483\"></a> =20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"Arial\" size=3D\"4\"><b>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\tOther Stories\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</b>\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<P>SEC Probes AOL-Oxygen Pact For Double-Booking of Revenue<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1033938113684731193,00.html\">=\n",
            "http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1033938113684731193,00.html</A> <br>\n",
            "(Paid subscription required.)</P><P>\n",
            "Tivo Raises $25 Million in Stock Offering (AP)<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/4235118.htm\">http=\n",
            "://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/4235118.htm</A> </P><P>\n",
            "WorldCom Officer Pleads Guilty to Fraud<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A57300-2002Oct7.ht=\n",
            "ml\">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A57300-2002Oct7.html</A> =\n",
            "</P><P>\n",
            "Two Magazines Are Shut and a Third Revamps<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/business/media/08MAG.html\">htt=\n",
            "p://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/business/media/08MAG.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Regulators Say They Have CSFB 'Smoking Gun'<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/banking/2002-10-06-csfb=\n",
            "_x.htm\">http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/banking/2002-10-06-csfb_x.=\n",
            "htm</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Expected Cold Winter Could Increase Natural Gas Prices <br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.accessatlanta.com/ajc/business/1002/08gas.html\">http:=\n",
            "//www.accessatlanta.com/ajc/business/1002/08gas.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Frozen World Found Beyond Pluto<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.msnbc.com/news/818195.asp\">http://www.msnbc.com/news/=\n",
            "818195.asp</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Fool Me Once<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/opinion/08KRUG.html\">http://ww=\n",
            "w.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/opinion/08KRUG.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "New Northwest System for Internet Bookings<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/business/08MEMO.html\">http://w=\n",
            "ww.nytimes.com/2002/10/08/business/08MEMO.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "The Fastest-Growing Tech Companies<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.business2.com/b2100/0,,1-1,00.html\">http://www.busine=\n",
            "ss2.com/b2100/0,,1-1,00.html</A> </P><P>\n",
            "Debating the Baby Bells<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/07/business/07PLAC.html\">http://w=\n",
            "ww.nytimes.com/2002/10/07/business/07PLAC.html</A> <br>\n",
            "(Paid subscription required)</P><P>\n",
            "Silicon Valley Is Yearning For User-Friendly Microsoft<br>\n",
            "<A HREF=3D\"http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1034036651300028760,00.html\">=\n",
            "http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB1034036651300028760,00.html</A> <br>\n",
            "(Paid subscription required)</P>\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 2,8:article_view -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\"><FONT face=3DVerdana size=3D1><STRO=\n",
            "NG>Sponsor</STRONG></FONT></font>\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"1\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#000000\">=20\n",
            "<tr><td>\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFCC\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFCC\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFCC\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFCC\"><td>\n",
            "\t<a name=3D\"a59804\"></a>=20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\tDo you want to reach the Net's savviest audience?<BR>\n",
            "Advertise in Media Unspun.<br>\n",
            "Contact Erik Vanderkolk for details at <a href=3D\"mailto:erikvanderkolk@yah=\n",
            "oo.com\">erikvanderkolk@yahoo.com</A> today.\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 2,9:article_view -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><td>\n",
            "\t<a name=3D\"a59810\"></a> =20\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"Arial\" size=3D\"4\"><b>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\tStaff\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</b>\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\tWritten by Deborah Asbrand (<a href=3D\"mailto:dasbrand@world.std.com\">=\n",
            "dasbrand@world.std.com</a>), Keith Dawson (<a href=3D\"mailto:dawson@world.s=\n",
            "td.com\">dawson@world.std.com</a>), Jen Muehlbauer (<a href=3D\"mailto:jen@en=\n",
            "glishmajor.com\">jen@englishmajor.com</a>), and Lori Patel (<a href=3D\"mailt=\n",
            "o:loripatel@hotmail.com\">loripatel@hotmail.com</a>).\n",
            "<P>\n",
            "Copyedited by Jim Duffy (<a href=3D\"mailto:jimduffy86@yahoo.com\">jimduffy86=\n",
            "@yahoo.com</a>).\n",
            "<P>\n",
            "Advertising: Erik Vanderkolk (<a href=3D\"mailto:erikvanderkolk@yahoo.com\">e=\n",
            "rikvanderkolk@yahoo.com)</a>.\n",
            "<P>\n",
            "Editor and publisher: Jimmy Guterman (<a href=3D\"mailto:guterman@vineyard.c=\n",
            "om\">guterman@vineyard.com</a>).\n",
            "<P>\n",
            "Media Unspun is produced by <a href=3D\"http://guterman.com\">The Vineyard Gr=\n",
            "oup Inc.</a>\n",
            "<BR>Copyright 2002 Media Unspun, Inc., and The Vineyard Group, Inc.\n",
            "<BR>Subscribe already, willya? <a href=3D\"http://www.mediaunspun.com\">http:=\n",
            "//www.mediaunspun.com</a>\n",
            "<P>\n",
            "Redistribution by email is permitted as long as a link to <a href=3D\"http:/=\n",
            "/newsletter.mediaunspun.com\">http://newsletter.mediaunspun.com</a> is inclu=\n",
            "ded.\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- COLUMN: 2 -->\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t</td><td width=3D\"5\" valign=3D\"top\" align=3D\"center\" ><img src=3D\"http://=\n",
            "www.imakenews.com/eletra/empty.gif\" height=3D\"1\" width=3D\"5\"></td>\n",
            "\t\t\t<td width=3D\"1\" valign=3D\"top\" align=3D\"center\" bgcolor=3D\"#888888\"><img=\n",
            " src=3D\"http://www.imakenews.com/eletra/empty.gif\" height=3D\"1\" width=3D\"1\"=\n",
            "></td>\n",
            "\t\t\t<td width=3D\"5\" valign=3D\"top\" align=3D\"center\" ><img src=3D\"http://www.=\n",
            "imakenews.com/eletra/empty.gif\" height=3D\"1\" width=3D\"5\"></td><td width=3D\"=\n",
            "161\" valign=3D\"top\" bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><!-- 3,1:subscription -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"1\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#000000\">=20\n",
            "<tr><td>\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#EEEEEE\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td\n",
            "bgcolor=3D\"#000000\">\n",
            "\t<font face=3D\"arial\" size=3D\"2\" color=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><b>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\tSubscribe\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t</b></font>\n",
            "</td></tr>\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#EEEEEE\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t\t<form method=3D\"POST\" action=3D\"http://www.imakenews.com/eletra/mod_input=\n",
            "_proc.cfm\">\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "<p><font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"1\">\n",
            "Enter your email address in the box below to receive a free four-week trial=\n",
            " of Media Unspun:=20\n",
            "</font></p>\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t\t  <input type=3D\"hidden\" name=3D\"XXDESXXuser\" value=3D\"mediaunspun\">\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t  <input type=3D\"hidden\" name=3D\"mod_name\" value=3D\"subscription\">\n",
            "\t\t  <input type=3D\"hidden\" name=3D\"XXDESXXfrom_address\" value=3D\"guterman@v=\n",
            "ineyard.com\">\n",
            "          <input type=3D\"hidden\" name=3D\"XXDESXXfrom_name\" value=3D\"Media U=\n",
            "nspun\">\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t=20\n",
            " \t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t\t <input type=3D\"hidden\" name=3D\"XXDESXXpage\" value=3D\"http://newsletter.=\n",
            "mediaunspun.com/index000021410.cfm\">\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "   =20\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "   =20\n",
            "\t<p><input type=3D\"text\" name=3D\"XXDESXXemail_address\" size=3D\"15\" maxlengt=\n",
            "h=3D\"100\">\n",
            "\t\t<br><font face=3D\"verdana\" size=3D\"1\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<input type=3D\"radio\" value=3D\"Add\" name=3D\"XXDESXXsubscribe_op\" checked>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\tAdd\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t\t<input type=3D\"radio\" value=3D\"Remove\" name=3D\"XXDESXXsubscribe_op\">\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\tRemove<br>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t\t<input type=3D\"checkbox\" name=3D\"XXDESXXemail_type\" value=3D\"htm\" checked>\n",
            "\t\tSend=A0as=A0HTML<br>\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "\t  <input type=3D\"submit\" value=3D\"Submit\" name=3D\"add\">&nbsp;\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</font></p>\n",
            "   =20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t</form>=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "</td></tr></table>\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table> <font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"2\"><FONT face=3DVe=\n",
            "rdana size=3D1><STRONG>\n",
            "<P align=3Dcenter><BR>Newsletter Services <BR>Provided by <BR></STRONG></FO=\n",
            "NT><A href=3D\"http://www.imakenews.com/affiliate.cfm?a_id=3Dunspun\"><FONT f=\n",
            "ace=3DVerdana size=3D1><STRONG>iMakeNews.com</STRONG></FONT></A></P></font>\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t  \t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 3,2:survey_view -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 3,3:menu -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- 3,4:article_view -->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t =20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td\n",
            "bgcolor=3D\"#000000\">\n",
            "\t<font face=3D\"arial\" size=3D\"2\" color=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><b>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t<CENTER>Advertisement</CENTER>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t</b></font>\n",
            "</td></tr>\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<TABLE bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"3\" cellspacing=3D\"0=\n",
            "\" width=3D\"100%\">\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<tr bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><td>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t<a href=3D\"http://www.poptech.org\"><img src=3D\"http://a298.g.akamai.net=\n",
            "/7/298/5382/100802091859/www.imakenews.com/mediaunspun/mediaunspun_e_a00008=\n",
            "9486.JPG\" BORDER=3D\"0\" alt=3D\"\" hspace=3D\"5\" vspace=3D\"1\" align=3D\"top\"></a>\n",
            "\t\t\t\t<br>\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr>=20\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</table>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- COLUMN: 3 -->\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr></table><table bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\" border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"=\n",
            "0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" width=3D\"100%\" cols=3D\"1\">\n",
            "\t<tr><td width=3D\"644\" valign=3D\"top\" bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\"><!-- 4,1:footer -=\n",
            "->\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "<table width=3D\"100%\" border=3D\"0\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"4\" bgco=\n",
            "lor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "<tr><td bgcolor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t<div align=3D\"left\">\n",
            "\t<table border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"2\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" width=3D\"100%\" bgc=\n",
            "olor=3D\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "\t  <tr>\n",
            "\t    <td>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"1\">\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t</font>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t\t</td>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t\t\t\t<td align=3D\"right\" valign=3D\"top\">\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"1\">\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<b>\n",
            "\t\t\t<a href=3D\"http://www.imakenews.com/eletra/mod_input_proc.cfm?mod_name=\n",
            "=3Dtell_friend_form&XXDESXXuser=3Dmediaunspun&XXDESXXthanks=3DThank%20You%2=\n",
            "E&XXDESXXsubject=3DCheck%20this%20out%3A%20%5B%5Btitle%5D%5D&XXDESXXheading=\n",
            "=3D&XXDESXXbackto=3Dhttp://newsletter.mediaunspun.com/index000021410.cfm&XX=\n",
            "DESXXissue_id=3D21410&XXDESXXtitle=3DMedia%20Unspun\"\n",
            "\t\t\t class=3D\"a281108918594847-footer_tellafriend\">\n",
            "\t\t\t<font size=3D4>Tell a Friend...</font></a></b>\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</font>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t</td>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t  </tr>\n",
            "\t</table></div>\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t</td></tr></table>=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t\t=09\n",
            "\t=20\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t\t<!-- COLUMN: 4 -->\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>\n",
            "<!--IMN:BOTTOM-->\n",
            "<table border=3D\"0\" cellpadding=3D\"2\" cellspacing=3D\"0\" width=3D\"650\">\n",
            "  <tr><td><font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"1\">Powered by <strong><a hre=\n",
            "f=3D\"http://www.imakenews.com\" target=3D\"_top\" class=3D\"link\">iMakeNews.com=\n",
            "</a>&#153;</strong></font><br>\n",
            "\t<font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"1\">This email was sent to: zzzz-unspu=\n",
            "n@spamassassin.taint.org <br><a href=3D\"http://www.imakenews.com/eletra/rem=\n",
            "ove.cfm?x=3Dmediaunspun%2Czzzz-unspun@spamassassin.taint.org\">(REMOVE)</a> =\n",
            "- to be instantly deleted from this list.<br><a href=3D\"http://www.imakenew=\n",
            "s.com/eletra/change.cfm?x=3Dmediaunspun%2Czzzz-unspun@spamassassin.taint.or=\n",
            "g%2Ctxt\">(CHANGE FORMAT)</a> - receive future messages in plain text format=\n",
            ".<br></font><font face=3D\"verdana,arial\" size=3D\"1\"><a\n",
            "href=3D\"http://www.imakenews.com/eletra/update.cfm?x=3Dmediaunspun%2Czzzz-u=\n",
            "nspun@spamassassin.taint.org\">(UPDATE)</a> your subscriber information and =\n",
            "preferences.<br></font></tr></table>\n",
            "<!--Ver. 7-->\n",
            "\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "\t\t=09\n",
            "\t\t =20\n",
            "\t\t<p>&nbsp;\n",
            "\t\t  =20\n",
            "\t  =20\n",
            "       <img src=3D\"http://machina.imakenews.com/E224536,5114587XXmediaunspu=\n",
            "nXX21410XXXXindex000021410.cfmXXemailXX5114587XXXX0Y0XX1\" alt=3D\"\" height=\n",
            "=3D\"0\" width=3D\"0\">\t\t=20\n",
            "\t  =20\n",
            "\t  =20\n",
            "\t\t</p>\n",
            "\t=09\n",
            "=09\n",
            "\n",
            "  =20\n",
            "=20\n",
            "</div>\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "</body>\n",
            "</html>\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "------------=_1034083278-26594-4--\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
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            "    Thu, 12 Sep 2002 16:53:13 PDT\n",
            "From: Michael Watson <scruz_mike@yahoo.com>\n",
            "Subject: Re: From salon.com - Forbidden thoughts about 9/11\n",
            "To: Chris Haun <chris@noskillz.com>\n",
            "Cc: fork@spamassassin.taint.org\n",
            "In-Reply-To:\n",
            " <Pine.LNX.4.44.0209111507050.31122-100000@isolnetsux.techmonkeys.net>\n",
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            "    <mailto:fork-request@xent.com?subject=unsubscribe>\n",
            "List-Archive: <http://xent.com/pipermail/fork/>\n",
            "Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 16:53:13 -0700 (PDT)\n",
            "\n",
            "--0-1051763016-1031874793=:3397\n",
            "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "I am delurking to comment on the Salon article. I just wanted to say that I am grateful they choose not to publish my forbidden thought. I sent it in a couple of days before the 9/11 commeration. If I had just watched the sentimental network and cable shows on 9/11 my cynical thoughts would have remain unchanged. However, I watch the Frontline show \"Faith and Doubt at Ground Zero\" on PBS. That show tackled head on, with much more courage than I have seen elsewhere, the larger questions about good and evil, about art as an alternate religion (Karlheinz Stockhausen -- 9/11 was a great work of art), and especially the question about how religion has a darker side which when carried to fanatic extremes tends to negate the humanity of the non-believers.\n",
            "I am not a religious person but I stunned at the scope of this program. It talked about the Lutheran minister who spoke at Yankees Stadium on a podium with other religious leaders present who was charged with heresy by his own church for promoting the idea that all religions are equal (presumably the Lutherans have the one true path?).\n",
            "Thanks for listening, I just felt like I needed to put the word out about this program. My shallow comment on Salon and others like it (my boyfriend and I had sex while the towers collapsed) gives me pause about how some of us tend to harden ourselves to the suffering of others.\n",
            "Mike\n",
            " Chris Haun wrote:i though this was all rather interesting, first bit of 9/11 coverage that \n",
            "i've liked.\n",
            "\n",
            "http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2002/09/11/forbidden_letters/index.html\n",
            "\n",
            "Chris\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "---------------------------------\n",
            "Do you Yahoo!?\n",
            "Yahoo! News - Today's headlines\n",
            "--0-1051763016-1031874793=:3397\n",
            "Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii\n",
            "\n",
            "<P>I am delurking to comment on the Salon article. I just wanted to say that I am grateful they choose not to publish my forbidden thought. I sent it in a couple of days before the 9/11 commeration. If I had just watched the sentimental network and cable shows on 9/11 my cynical thoughts would have remain unchanged. However, I watch the Frontline show \"Faith and Doubt at Ground Zero\" on PBS. That show tackled head on, with much more courage than I have seen elsewhere, the larger questions about good and evil, about art as an alternate religion (Karlheinz Stockhausen -- 9/11 was a great work of art), and especially the question about how religion has a darker side which when carried to fanatic extremes tends to negate the humanity of the non-believers.\n",
            "<P>I am not a religious person but I stunned at the scope of this program. It talked about the Lutheran minister who spoke at Yankees Stadium on a podium with other religious leaders present who was charged with heresy by his own church for promoting the idea that all religions are equal (presumably the Lutherans have the one true path?).\n",
            "<P>Thanks for listening, I just felt like I needed to put the word out about this program. My shallow comment on Salon and others like it (my boyfriend and I had sex while the towers collapsed) gives me pause about how&nbsp;some&nbsp;of us&nbsp;tend to harden ourselves to the suffering of others.\n",
            "<P>Mike\n",
            "<P>&nbsp;<B><I>Chris Haun <CHRIS@NOSKILLZ.COM></I></B>wrote:\n",
            "<BLOCKQUOTE style=\"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid\">i though this was all rather interesting, first bit of 9/11 coverage that <BR>i've liked.<BR><BR>http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2002/09/11/forbidden_letters/index.html<BR><BR>Chris<BR></BLOCKQUOTE><p><br><hr size=1>Do you Yahoo!?<br>\n",
            "<b><a href=\"http://news.yahoo.com/\">Yahoo! News</a></b> - Today's headlines\n",
            "--0-1051763016-1031874793=:3397--\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
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            "    Thu, 26 Sep 2002 09:43:18 -0700\n",
            "X-Originating-Ip: [4.63.110.224]\n",
            "From: \"Jason Ling\" <vytekdemise@hotmail.com>\n",
            "To: \"Joseph S. Barrera III\" <joe@barrera.org>,\n",
            " \"FoRK\" <fork@spamassassin.taint.org>\n",
            "Subject: Re: dumb question: X client behind a firewall?\n",
            "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
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            "Message-Id: <OE32DGAIXWb9DYccSN000001234@hotmail.com>\n",
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            " 26 Sep 2002 16:43:18.0336 (UTC) FILETIME=[D11A9C00:01C2657B]\n",
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            "List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare <fork.xent.com>\n",
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            "    <mailto:fork-request@xent.com?subject=unsubscribe>\n",
            "List-Archive: <http://xent.com/pipermail/fork/>\n",
            "Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2002 12:43:19 -0400\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_001_0004_01C2655A.4ABB3500\n",
            "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "----- Original Message -----\n",
            "From: Joseph S. Barrera III\n",
            "Sent: Wednesday, September 25, 2002 7:06 PM\n",
            "To: FoRK\n",
            "Subject: dumb question: X client behind a firewall?\n",
            "\n",
            "Let's say you're behind a firewall and have a NAT address.\n",
            "Is there any way to telnet to a linux box out there in the world\n",
            "and set your DISPLAY in some way that you can create\n",
            "xterms on your own screen?\n",
            "\n",
            "- Joe\n",
            "\n",
            "--------------------\n",
            "I'm in no way a pro but perhaps you could set your Firewall to accept con=\n",
            "nections from that Linux box and then somehow set the Linux box to transm=\n",
            "it on a specific port. Then configure your router to forward all informat=\n",
            "ion from that port to your box.\n",
            "\n",
            "But then again, that pretty much defeats the entire point of a firewall =3D=\n",
            "P.Get more from the Web.  FREE MSN Explorer download : http://explorer.ms=\n",
            "n.com\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_001_0004_01C2655A.4ABB3500\n",
            "Content-Type: text/html; charset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "<HTML><BODY STYLE=3D\"font:10pt verdana; border:none;\"><DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <=\n",
            "DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE style=3D\"PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5=\n",
            "px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px\">=\n",
            " <DIV style=3D\"FONT: 10pt Arial\">----- Original Message -----</DIV> <DIV =\n",
            "style=3D\"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt Arial; COLOR: black\"><B>From:</B=\n",
            "> Joseph S. Barrera III</DIV> <DIV style=3D\"FONT: 10pt Arial\"><B>Sent:</B=\n",
            "> Wednesday, September 25, 2002 7:06 PM</DIV> <DIV style=3D\"FONT: 10pt Ar=\n",
            "ial\"><B>To:</B> FoRK</DIV> <DIV style=3D\"FONT: 10pt Arial\"><B>Subject:</B=\n",
            "> dumb question: X client behind a firewall?</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <P>L=\n",
            "et's say you're behind a firewall and have a NAT address.<BR>Is there any=\n",
            " way to telnet to a linux box out there in the world<BR>and set your DISP=\n",
            "LAY in some way that you can create<BR>xterms on your own screen?<BR><BR>=\n",
            "- Joe</P> <P>&nbsp;</P> <P>--------------------</P> <P>I'm in no way a pr=\n",
            "o but perhaps you could set your Firewall to accept connections from that=\n",
            " Linux box and then somehow set the Linux box to transmit on a specific p=\n",
            "ort. Then configure your router to forward all information from that port=\n",
            " to your box.</P> <P>&nbsp;</P> <P>But then again, that pretty much defea=\n",
            "ts the entire point of a firewall =3DP.</P></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML><br=\n",
            " clear=3Dall><hr>Get more from the Web.  FREE MSN Explorer download : <a =\n",
            "href=3D'http://explorer.msn.com'>http://explorer.msn.com</a><br></p>\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_001_0004_01C2655A.4ABB3500--\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
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            "Message-Id: <6E8631AD.30501@lig.net>\n",
            "From: \"Stephen D. Williams\" <sdw@lig.net>\n",
            "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.0.1)\n",
            "    Gecko/20020823 Netscape/7.0\n",
            "X-Accept-Language: en-us, en\n",
            "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
            "To: Lorin Rivers <lrivers@realsoftware.com>\n",
            "Cc:\n",
            " \"Mr. FoRK\" <fork_list@hotmail.com>, FoRK List <fork@spamassassin.taint.org>\n",
            "Subject: Re: ActiveBuddy\n",
            "References: <B9C28892.35FF2%lrivers@realsoftware.com>\n",
            "Content-Type: multipart/alternative;\n",
            "    boundary=\"------------080209060700030309080805\"\n",
            "Sender: fork-admin@xent.com\n",
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            "List-Subscribe: <http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork>,\n",
            " <mailto:fork-request@xent.com?subject=subscribe>\n",
            "List-Id: Friends of Rohit Khare <fork.xent.com>\n",
            "List-Unsubscribe: <http://xent.com/mailman/listinfo/fork>,\n",
            "    <mailto:fork-request@xent.com?subject=unsubscribe>\n",
            "List-Archive: <http://xent.com/pipermail/fork/>\n",
            "Date: Wed, 04 Oct 2028 12:05:01 -0400\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "--------------080209060700030309080805\n",
            "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; format=flowed\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\n",
            "\n",
            "I actually thought of this kind of active chat at AOL (in 1996 I think), \n",
            "bringing up ads based on what was being discussed and other features. \n",
            "For a while, the VP of dev. (now still CTO I think) was really hot on \n",
            "the idea and they discussed patenting it. Then they lost interest. \n",
            "Probably a good thing.\n",
            "\n",
            "sdw\n",
            "\n",
            "Lorin Rivers wrote:\n",
            "\n",
            ">On 10/2/02 12:00 PM, \"Mr. FoRK\" <fork_list@hotmail.com> wrote:\n",
            ">  \n",
            ">\n",
            ">>What about a situation where you don't directly ask/talk to the bot, but\n",
            ">>they listen in and advise/correct/interject/etc?\n",
            ">>example: two people discussing trips, etc. may trigger a weather bot to\n",
            ">>mention what the forecast says - without directly being asked.\n",
            ">>    \n",
            ">>\n",
            ">\n",
            ">My guess is it's more insidious than that, it's going to be ActiveSpam.\n",
            ">\n",
            ">\"Oh, you're going to Seattle? I can get you airline tickets for less\"\n",
            ">\n",
            ">Yuck\n",
            ">  \n",
            ">\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "--------------080209060700030309080805\n",
            "Content-Type: text/html; charset=US-ASCII\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\n",
            "\n",
            "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\n",
            "<html>\n",
            "<head>\n",
            "  <title></title>\n",
            "</head>\n",
            "<body>\n",
            "I actually thought of this kind of active chat at AOL (in 1996 I think),\n",
            "bringing up ads based on what was being discussed and other features. &nbsp;For\n",
            "a while, the VP of dev. (now still CTO I think) was really hot on the idea\n",
            "and they discussed patenting it. &nbsp;Then they lost interest. &nbsp;Probably a good\n",
            "thing.<br>\n",
            "<br>\n",
            "sdw<br>\n",
            "<br>\n",
            "Lorin Rivers wrote:<br>\n",
            "<blockquote type=\"cite\"\n",
            " cite=\"midB9C28892.35FF2%25lrivers@realsoftware.com\">\n",
            "  <pre wrap=\"\">On 10/2/02 12:00 PM, \"Mr. FoRK\" <a class=\"moz-txt-link-rfc2396E\" href=\"mailto:fork_list@hotmail.com\">&lt;fork_list@hotmail.com&gt;</a> wrote:\n",
            "  </pre>\n",
            "  <blockquote type=\"cite\">\n",
            "    <pre wrap=\"\">What about a situation where you don't directly ask/talk to the bot, but\n",
            "they listen in and advise/correct/interject/etc?\n",
            "example: two people discussing trips, etc. may trigger a weather bot to\n",
            "mention what the forecast says - without directly being asked.\n",
            "    </pre>\n",
            "  </blockquote>\n",
            "  <pre wrap=\"\"><!---->\n",
            "My guess is it's more insidious than that, it's going to be ActiveSpam.\n",
            "\n",
            "\"Oh, you're going to Seattle? I can get you airline tickets for less\"\n",
            "\n",
            "Yuck\n",
            "  </pre>\n",
            "</blockquote>\n",
            "<br>\n",
            "</body>\n",
            "</html>\n",
            "\n",
            "--------------080209060700030309080805--\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
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            "Subject: [SAtalk] Spamassassin with Pyzor\n",
            "Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net\n",
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            "Date: Fri, 13 Sep 2002 08:56:57 -0400\n",
            "\n",
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            "\n",
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            "Content-Type: text/plain;\n",
            "\tcharset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "I installed Spamassassin 2.41 with Razor V2 the other day and it has =\n",
            "been working great. I decided to add Pyzor last night and I got that =\n",
            "installed successfully (I think, no errors). I am using spamd and I see =\n",
            "where it periodically spawns off a pyzor process; however nothing has =\n",
            "been detected as spam by Pyzor under Spamassassin. It has been running =\n",
            "for almost half a day now on a 5,000 user mail server - so to me the =\n",
            "odds of something being caught by it should be high. I run spamd as =\n",
            "follows:\n",
            "\n",
            "spamd -d -H\n",
            "\n",
            "and all my users home directories have a .pyzor directory with the =\n",
            "server listed under it.\n",
            "\n",
            "I setup a test procmail recipe that just invokes pyzor check and not =\n",
            "spamc to see if in fact pyzor alone catches any spam -  I just set this =\n",
            "up so no results yet. Here is what I get when I check connectivity to =\n",
            "the pyzor server:\n",
            "\n",
            " pyzor -d ping\n",
            "sending: 'User: anonymous\\nTime: 1031921041\\nSig: =\n",
            "161c547ac6248589910f97b1b5cd37e6dffc8eaf\\n\\nOp: ping\\nThread: 14733\\nPV: =\n",
            "2.0\\n\\n'\n",
            "received: 'Thread: 14733\\nCode: 200\\nDiag: OK\\nPV: 2.0\\n\\n'\n",
            "167.206.208.233:24442   (200, 'OK')\n",
            "\n",
            "Any help/examples would be appreciated. Thanks! BTW, keep up the great =\n",
            "work Spamassassin team!\n",
            "\n",
            "Nick\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "---\n",
            "Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.\n",
            "Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).\n",
            "Version: 6.0.386 / Virus Database: 218 - Release Date: 9/9/2002\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_0009_01C25B03.83C4FDB0\n",
            "Content-Type: text/html;\n",
            "\tcharset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\">\n",
            "<HTML><HEAD>\n",
            "<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D\"text/html; =\n",
            "charset=3Diso-8859-1\">\n",
            "<META content=3D\"MSHTML 6.00.2600.0\" name=3DGENERATOR>\n",
            "<STYLE></STYLE>\n",
            "</HEAD>\n",
            "<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I installed Spamassassin 2.41&nbsp;with =\n",
            "Razor V2=20\n",
            "the other day and it has been working great. I decided to add Pyzor last =\n",
            "night=20\n",
            "and I got that installed successfully (I think, no errors). I am using =\n",
            "spamd and=20\n",
            "I see where it periodically spawns off a pyzor process; however nothing =\n",
            "has been=20\n",
            "detected as spam by Pyzor under Spamassassin. It has been running for =\n",
            "almost=20\n",
            "half a day now on a 5,000 user mail server - so to me the odds of =\n",
            "something=20\n",
            "being caught by it should be high. I run spamd as follows:</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>spamd -d -H</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>and all my users home directories have =\n",
            "a .pyzor=20\n",
            "directory with the server listed under it.</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I setup a test procmail recipe that =\n",
            "just invokes=20\n",
            "pyzor check and not spamc to see if in fact pyzor alone catches any spam =\n",
            "-=20\n",
            "&nbsp;I just set this up so no results yet. Here is what I get when I =\n",
            "check=20\n",
            "connectivity to the pyzor server:</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;pyzor -d ping<BR>sending: 'User:=20\n",
            "anonymous\\nTime: 1031921041\\nSig:=20\n",
            "161c547ac6248589910f97b1b5cd37e6dffc8eaf\\n\\nOp: ping\\nThread: 14733\\nPV: =\n",
            "\n",
            "2.0\\n\\n'<BR>received: 'Thread: 14733\\nCode: 200\\nDiag: OK\\nPV:=20\n",
            "2.0\\n\\n'<BR>167.206.208.233:24442&nbsp;&nbsp; (200, 'OK')</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Any help/examples would be appreciated. =\n",
            "Thanks!=20\n",
            "BTW, keep up the great work Spamassassin team!</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Nick</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><BR>---<BR>Outgoing mail is certified =\n",
            "Virus=20\n",
            "Free.<BR>Checked by AVG anti-virus system (<A=20\n",
            "href=3D\"http://www.grisoft.com\">http://www.grisoft.com</A>).<BR>Version: =\n",
            "6.0.386 /=20\n",
            "Virus Database: 218 - Release Date: 9/9/2002</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_0009_01C25B03.83C4FDB0--\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
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            "\n",
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            "Return-Path: <spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net>\n",
            "Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org\n",
            "Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1])\n",
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            "    17rdFf-0005hM-00 for spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net;\n",
            "    Wed, 18 Sep 2002 12:44:15 +0100\n",
            "Message-Id: <005901c25f08$b6d5b0b0$5a14348f@videoproducer>\n",
            "From: \"Ray Gardener\" <R.A.Gardener@shu.ac.uk>\n",
            "To: <spamassassin-talk@example.sourceforge.net>\n",
            "Organization: Shefield Hallam University\n",
            "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
            "Content-Type: multipart/alternative;\n",
            "    boundary=\"----=_NextPart_000_0056_01C25F11.18554780\"\n",
            "X-Priority: 3\n",
            "X-Msmail-Priority: Normal\n",
            "X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2600.0000\n",
            "X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2600.0000\n",
            "X-Mailscanner: Found to be clean\n",
            "Subject: [SAtalk] spamc and DCC\n",
            "Sender: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net\n",
            "Errors-To: spamassassin-talk-admin@example.sourceforge.net\n",
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            "Precedence: bulk\n",
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            "List-Subscribe:\n",
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            " <mailto:spamassassin-talk-request@lists.sourceforge.net?subject=subscribe>\n",
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            " <https://example.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk>,   \n",
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            "List-Archive:\n",
            " <http://sourceforge.net/mailarchives/forum.php?forum=spamassassin-talk>\n",
            "X-Original-Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 12:44:14 +0100\n",
            "Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 12:44:14 +0100\n",
            "\n",
            "This is a multi-part message in MIME format.\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_0056_01C25F11.18554780\n",
            "Content-Type: text/plain;\n",
            "\tcharset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "Hi -=20\n",
            "\n",
            "I upgraded to 2.40 (now 2.41) last week and the messages which are =\n",
            "definitely in the DCC database aren't being marked as such by =\n",
            "spamassassin when connected to via spamc. Interestingly it is detected =\n",
            "when running spamassassin -t < sample-spam.txt (using the same userid =\n",
            "incidentally). Is this a known \"feature\" of spamc under 2.4x or is there =\n",
            "anything obvious that I am not implementing correctly? Note that as I =\n",
            "implied above this used to work under 2.3x of spamassassin and =\n",
            "spamd/spamc\n",
            "\n",
            "Regards\n",
            "\n",
            "Ray Gardener\n",
            "Sheffield Hallam University\n",
            "UK\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_0056_01C25F11.18554780\n",
            "Content-Type: text/html;\n",
            "\tcharset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\">\n",
            "<HTML><HEAD>\n",
            "<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D\"text/html; =\n",
            "charset=3Diso-8859-1\">\n",
            "<META content=3D\"MSHTML 6.00.2719.2200\" name=3DGENERATOR>\n",
            "<STYLE></STYLE>\n",
            "</HEAD>\n",
            "<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Hi - </FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I&nbsp;upgraded to 2.40 (now 2.41) last =\n",
            "week and=20\n",
            "the messages which are definitely in the DCC database&nbsp;aren't being =\n",
            "marked=20\n",
            "as such by spamassassin when connected to via spamc. Interestingly it is =\n",
            "\n",
            "detected when running spamassassin -t &lt; sample-spam.txt (using the =\n",
            "same=20\n",
            "userid incidentally). Is this a known \"feature\" of spamc under 2.4x or =\n",
            "is there=20\n",
            "anything obvious that I am not implementing correctly? Note that as I =\n",
            "implied=20\n",
            "above this used to work under 2.3x of spamassassin and =\n",
            "spamd/spamc</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Regards</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Ray Gardener</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Sheffield Hallam =\n",
            "University</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>UK</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_0056_01C25F11.18554780--\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
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            "_______________________________________________\n",
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            "Spamassassin-talk@lists.sourceforge.net\n",
            "https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/spamassassin-talk\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "Return-Path: <razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net>\n",
            "Delivered-To: yyyy@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org\n",
            "Received: from localhost (jalapeno [127.0.0.1])\n",
            "\tby jmason.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 1E33916F1C\n",
            "\tfor <jm@localhost>; Fri,  6 Sep 2002 11:36:13 +0100 (IST)\n",
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            "    17n3Dv-00083y-00 for <razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net>; Thu,\n",
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            "    (8.12.5/8.12.5) id g85KRP6u008914 for razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net;\n",
            "    Thu, 5 Sep 2002 16:27:25 -0400\n",
            "Content-Type: multipart/alternative;\n",
            "    boundary=\"----=_NextPart_000_0018_01C254F9.146CF4F0\"\n",
            "From: \"Eugene Chiu\" <eugene@chiu.bz>\n",
            "Message-Id: <001b01c2551a$9c316a30$2801250a@omers.com>\n",
            "MIME-Version: 1.0\n",
            "Received: from WS0571 (omrs [206.222.70.71]) by ns1.espoircompany.com\n",
            "    (AvMailGate-2.0.0.6) id 08905-713A9F70; Thu, 05 Sep 2002 16:27:09 -0400\n",
            "To: <razor-users@example.sourceforge.net>\n",
            "X-Antivirus: OK! AntiVir MailGate Version 2.0.0.6 at lserv4 has not found\n",
            "    any known virus in this email.\n",
            "X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.50.4807.1700\n",
            "X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.50.4807.1700\n",
            "X-Msmail-Priority: Normal\n",
            "X-Priority: 3\n",
            "Subject: [Razor-users] spamassassin+razor2\n",
            "Sender: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net\n",
            "Errors-To: razor-users-admin@example.sourceforge.net\n",
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            "Precedence: bulk\n",
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            "List-Subscribe: <https://example.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users>,\n",
            "    <mailto:razor-users-request@lists.sourceforge.net?subject=subscribe>\n",
            "List-Id: <razor-users.example.sourceforge.net>\n",
            "List-Unsubscribe:\n",
            " <https://example.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users>,   \n",
            " <mailto:razor-users-request@lists.sourceforge.net?subject=unsubscribe>\n",
            "List-Archive: <http://www.geocrawler.com/redir-sf.php3?list=razor-users>\n",
            "X-Original-Date: Thu, 5 Sep 2002 16:27:08 -0400\n",
            "Date: Thu, 5 Sep 2002 16:27:08 -0400\n",
            "\n",
            "This is a multi-part message in MIME format.\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_0018_01C254F9.146CF4F0\n",
            "Content-Type: text/plain;\n",
            "\tcharset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "Hi all,\n",
            "\n",
            "I am wondering if anybody has successfully install a site-wide =\n",
            "spamassassin+razor2 installation. I am having so much trouble and the =\n",
            "following is the extract of my procmail.log.\n",
            "\n",
            "razor2 check skipped: Bad file descriptor Insecure dependency in open =\n",
            "while runn\n",
            "ing setuid at =\n",
            "/usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.1/Razor2/Client/Config.pm line\n",
            "410, <GEN23> line 1.\n",
            ">>From info@znion.com  Thu Sep  5 11:55:15 2002\n",
            " Subject: *****SPAM***** Computer Maintenance\n",
            "  Folder: /home/eugene/caughtspam                                        =\n",
            "  8343\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "In razor-agent.log, I simply get the bootup message and that's it...\n",
            "\n",
            "Sep 05 11:55:15.668648 check[8478]: [ 1] [bootup] Logging initiated =\n",
            "LogDebugLeve\n",
            "l=3D14 to file:/var/log/razor-agent.log\n",
            "\n",
            "Please help. Thanks.\n",
            "\n",
            "Eugene\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_0018_01C254F9.146CF4F0\n",
            "Content-Type: text/html;\n",
            "\tcharset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\n",
            "\n",
            "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN\">\n",
            "<HTML><HEAD>\n",
            "<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D\"text/html; =\n",
            "charset=3Diso-8859-1\">\n",
            "<META content=3D\"MSHTML 5.50.4807.2300\" name=3DGENERATOR>\n",
            "<STYLE></STYLE>\n",
            "</HEAD>\n",
            "<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Hi all,</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I am wondering if anybody has =\n",
            "successfully install=20\n",
            "a site-wide spamassassin+razor2 installation. I am having so much =\n",
            "trouble and=20\n",
            "the following is the extract of my procmail.log.</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>razor2 check skipped: Bad file =\n",
            "descriptor Insecure=20\n",
            "dependency in open while runn<BR>ing setuid at=20\n",
            "/usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.1/Razor2/Client/Config.pm =\n",
            "line<BR>410,=20\n",
            "&lt;GEN23&gt; line 1.<BR>From <A=20\n",
            "href=3D\"mailto:info@znion.com\">info@znion.com</A>&nbsp; Thu Sep&nbsp; 5 =\n",
            "11:55:15=20\n",
            "2002<BR>&nbsp;Subject: *****SPAM***** Computer Maintenance<BR>&nbsp; =\n",
            "Folder:=20\n",
            "/home/eugene/caughtspam&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=\n",
            "bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=\n",
            "sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=\n",
            "p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20\n",
            "8343</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>In razor-agent.log, I simply get the =\n",
            "bootup message=20\n",
            "and that's it...</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Sep 05 11:55:15.668648 check[8478]: [ =\n",
            "1] [bootup]=20\n",
            "Logging initiated LogDebugLeve<BR>l=3D14 to=20\n",
            "file:/var/log/razor-agent.log</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Please help. Thanks.</FONT></DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>\n",
            "<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Eugene</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>\n",
            "\n",
            "------=_NextPart_000_0018_01C254F9.146CF4F0--\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
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            "cell phone?  Get a new here for FREE!\n",
            "https://www.inphonic.com/r.asp?r=sourceforge1&refcode1=vs3390\n",
            "_______________________________________________\n",
            "Razor-users mailing list\n",
            "Razor-users@lists.sourceforge.net\n",
            "https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/razor-users\n",
            "\n",
            "\n",
            "\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "for h in ham_emails:\n",
        "  if h.get_content_type()=='multipart/alternative':\n",
        "      print(h)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lu95f-ciP4IA",
        "outputId": "3f053edb-403c-4f0c-df74-af4f8f7a3ec9"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[('text/plain', 218),\n",
              " ('text/html', 183),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, text/html)', 45),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/html)', 20),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain)', 19),\n",
              " ('multipart(multipart(text/html))', 5),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, image/jpeg)', 3),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/html, application/octet-stream)', 2),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/plain, application/octet-stream)', 1),\n",
              " ('multipart(text/html, text/plain)', 1),\n",
              " ('multipart(multipart(text/html), application/octet-stream, image/jpeg)', 1),\n",
              " ('multipart(multipart(text/plain, text/html), image/gif)', 1),\n",
              " ('multipart/alternative', 1)]"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 137,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "structures_counter(spam_emails).most_common()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "lItgtJ-zP4IB"
      },
      "source": [
        "It seems that the ham emails are more often plain text, while spam has quite a lot of HTML. Moreover, quite a few ham emails are signed using PGP, while no spam is. In short, it seems that the email structure is useful information to have."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5VyBTYKEP4IB"
      },
      "source": [
        "Now let's take a look at the email headers:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "G34GpzekUeN7",
        "outputId": "89c85b76-8252-4ae2-ed23-db018cca51e5"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "<email.message.EmailMessage at 0x7f43a7f5c4f0>"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 57,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "spam_emails[0]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "N70B4r7jPZNm",
        "outputId": "09668473-0124-4991-8452-ade5b07948f8"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "[('Return-Path', '<12a1mailbot1@web.de>'),\n",
              " ('Delivered-To', 'zzzz@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org'),\n",
              " ('Received',\n",
              "  'from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])\\tby phobos.labs.spamassassin.taint.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 136B943C32\\tfor <zzzz@localhost>; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 08:17:21 -0400 (EDT)'),\n",
              " ('Received',\n",
              "  'from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]\\tby localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0)\\tfor zzzz@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 13:17:21 +0100 (IST)'),\n",
              " ('Received',\n",
              "  'from dd_it7 ([210.97.77.167])\\tby webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA04623\\tfor <zzzz@spamassassin.taint.org>; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 13:09:41 +0100'),\n",
              " ('From', '12a1mailbot1@web.de'),\n",
              " ('Received',\n",
              "  'from r-smtp.korea.com - 203.122.2.197 by dd_it7  with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.5.1775.675.6);\\t Sat, 24 Aug 2002 09:42:10 +0900'),\n",
              " ('To', 'dcek1a1@netsgo.com'),\n",
              " ('Subject', 'Life Insurance - Why Pay More?'),\n",
              " ('Date', 'Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:31:57 -1600'),\n",
              " ('MIME-Version', '1.0'),\n",
              " ('Message-ID', '<0103c1042001882DD_IT7@dd_it7>'),\n",
              " ('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=\"iso-8859-1\"'),\n",
              " ('Content-Transfer-Encoding', 'quoted-printable')]"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 44,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "spam_emails[0].items()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "3uOPrphkP4IB",
        "outputId": "45cd36ec-a04d-42aa-f026-2b2c05b4f681"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Return-Path : <12a1mailbot1@web.de>\n",
            "Delivered-To : zzzz@localhost.spamassassin.taint.org\n",
            "Received : from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1])\tby phobos.labs.spamassassin.taint.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 136B943C32\tfor <zzzz@localhost>; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 08:17:21 -0400 (EDT)\n",
            "Received : from mail.webnote.net [193.120.211.219]\tby localhost with POP3 (fetchmail-5.9.0)\tfor zzzz@localhost (single-drop); Thu, 22 Aug 2002 13:17:21 +0100 (IST)\n",
            "Received : from dd_it7 ([210.97.77.167])\tby webnote.net (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id NAA04623\tfor <zzzz@spamassassin.taint.org>; Thu, 22 Aug 2002 13:09:41 +0100\n",
            "From : 12a1mailbot1@web.de\n",
            "Received : from r-smtp.korea.com - 203.122.2.197 by dd_it7  with Microsoft SMTPSVC(5.5.1775.675.6);\t Sat, 24 Aug 2002 09:42:10 +0900\n",
            "To : dcek1a1@netsgo.com\n",
            "Subject : Life Insurance - Why Pay More?\n",
            "Date : Wed, 21 Aug 2002 20:31:57 -1600\n",
            "MIME-Version : 1.0\n",
            "Message-ID : <0103c1042001882DD_IT7@dd_it7>\n",
            "Content-Type : text/html; charset=\"iso-8859-1\"\n",
            "Content-Transfer-Encoding : quoted-printable\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "for header, value in spam_emails[0].items():\n",
        "    print(header,\":\",value)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HnGP9nuAP4IC"
      },
      "source": [
        "There's probably a lot of useful information in there, such as the sender's email address (12a1mailbot1@web.de looks fishy), but we will just focus on the `Subject` header:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ZNQmcp5eP4IC",
        "outputId": "2482a6f3-9f48-4652-aad6-8fe075d84665"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "'Life Insurance - Why Pay More?'"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 139,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "spam_emails[0][\"Subject\"]"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "fHI0Gxu2P4ID"
      },
      "source": [
        "Okay, before we learn too much about the data, let's not forget to split it into a training set and a test set:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4rMx43CTP4ID"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
        "\n",
        "X = np.array(ham_emails + spam_emails, dtype=object)\n",
        "y = np.array([0] * len(ham_emails) + [1] * len(spam_emails))\n",
        "\n",
        "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "StMZblhL83ua"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Preprocessing\n",
        "- convert HTML to plain text\n",
        "  정규표현식을 이용\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "T41-T6VXP4IE"
      },
      "source": [
        "Okay, let's start writing the preprocessing functions. First, we will need a function to convert HTML to plain text. Arguably the best way to do this would be to use the great [BeautifulSoup](https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/) library, but I would like to avoid adding another dependency to this project, so let's hack a quick & dirty solution using regular expressions (at the risk of [un̨ho͞ly radiańcé destro҉ying all enli̍̈́̂̈́ghtenment](https://stackoverflow.com/a/1732454/38626)). The following function first drops the `<head>` section, then converts all `<a>` tags to the word HYPERLINK, then it gets rid of all HTML tags, leaving only the plain text. For readability, it also replaces multiple newlines with single newlines, and finally it unescapes html entities (such as `&gt;` or `&nbsp;`):"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8pIduYrUc2Pq"
      },
      "source": [
        "html 형식의 (태그가 붙은) 텍스트를 플레인 텍스트형태로 뽑아내는 함수. \\\n",
        "정규표현식을 이용 \n",
        "\n",
        "unescape : return decoded HTML script"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "d1hlD9YQP4IE"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "import re\n",
        "from html import unescape\n",
        "\n",
        "def html_to_plain_text(html):\n",
        "    text = re.sub('<head.*?>.*?</head>', '', html, flags=re.M | re.S | re.I)\n",
        "    text = re.sub('<a\\s.*?>', ' HYPERLINK ', text, flags=re.M | re.S | re.I)\n",
        "    text = re.sub('<.*?>', '', text, flags=re.M | re.S)\n",
        "    text = re.sub(r'(\\s*\\n)+', '\\n', text, flags=re.M | re.S)\n",
        "    return unescape(text)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "q8POeXEPP4IF"
      },
      "source": [
        "Let's see if it works. This is HTML spam:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "H0eAMUIMP4IF",
        "outputId": "ec0ae4ba-2aad-4d20-9f78-4c1e9b2a8476"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE></TITLE><META http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=windows-1252\"><STYLE>A:link {TEX-DECORATION: none}A:active {TEXT-DECORATION: none}A:visited {TEXT-DECORATION: none}A:hover {COLOR: #0033ff; TEXT-DECORATION: underline}</STYLE><META content=\"MSHTML 6.00.2713.1100\" name=\"GENERATOR\"></HEAD>\n",
            "<BODY text=\"#000000\" vLink=\"#0033ff\" link=\"#0033ff\" bgColor=\"#CCCC99\"><TABLE borderColor=\"#660000\" cellSpacing=\"0\" cellPadding=\"0\" border=\"0\" width=\"100%\"><TR><TD bgColor=\"#CCCC99\" valign=\"top\" colspan=\"2\" height=\"27\">\n",
            "<font size=\"6\" face=\"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" color=\"#660000\">\n",
            "<b>OTC</b></font></TD></TR><TR><TD height=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#6a694f\">\n",
            "<font size=\"5\" face=\"Times New Roman, Times, serif\" color=\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "<b>&nbsp;Newsletter</b></font></TD><TD height=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#6a694f\"><div align=\"right\"><font color=\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
            "<b>Discover Tomorrow's Winners&nbsp;</b></font></div></TD></TR><TR><TD height=\"25\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#CCCC99\"><table width=\"100%\" border=\"0\"  ...\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "html_spam_emails = [email for email in X_train[y_train==1]\n",
        "                    if get_email_structure(email) == \"text/html\"]\n",
        "sample_html_spam = html_spam_emails[7]\n",
        "print(sample_html_spam.get_content().strip()[:1000], \"...\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ibxHRgR3ZXJa"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n",
        "soup = BeautifulSoup(sample_html_spam.get_content(), 'html.parser')\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "dU_3lmMmZ4Gi",
        "outputId": "8837d82a-03b0-4cd9-85ae-06dec8e5c49c"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "<html><head><title></title><meta content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" http-equiv=\"Content-Type\"/><style>A:link {TEX-DECORATION: none}A:active {TEXT-DECORATION: none}A:visited {TEXT-DECORATION: none}A:hover {COLOR: #0033ff; TEXT-DECORATION: underline}</style><meta content=\"MSHTML 6.00.2713.1100\" name=\"GENERATOR\"/></head>\n",
              "<body bgcolor=\"#CCCC99\" link=\"#0033ff\" text=\"#000000\" vlink=\"#0033ff\"><table border=\"0\" bordercolor=\"#660000\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"><tr><td bgcolor=\"#CCCC99\" colspan=\"2\" height=\"27\" valign=\"top\">\n",
              "<font color=\"#660000\" face=\"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"6\">\n",
              "<b>OTC</b></font></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor=\"#6a694f\" height=\"2\">\n",
              "<font color=\"#FFFFFF\" face=\"Times New Roman, Times, serif\" size=\"5\">\n",
              "<b> Newsletter</b></font></td><td bgcolor=\"#6a694f\" height=\"2\"><div align=\"right\"><font color=\"#FFFFFF\">\n",
              "<b>Discover Tomorrow's Winners </b></font></div></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor=\"#CCCC99\" colspan=\"2\" height=\"25\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"><tr><td height=\"2\" valign=\"middle\"><table align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#EBEDCB\" border=\"1\" bordercolor=\"#660000\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" height=\"5\" width=\"300\"><tr><td height=\"8\" valign=\"middle\"><div align=\"center\">\n",
              "<font color=\"#660000\" face=\"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"5\">\n",
              "<b>For Immediate Release</b></font></div></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td><table align=\"center\" bgcolor=\"#fafaf5\" border=\"1\" bordercolor=\"#660000\" cellpadding=\"8\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"><tr><td bgcolor=\"#fafaf5\" height=\"453\" valign=\"top\">\n",
              "<p><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
              "<b>Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI)</b>\n",
              "<br/>Watch for analyst \"Strong Buy Recommendations\" and several advisory newsletters picking CBYI.  CBYI has filed to be traded on the OTCBB, share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed on this larger trading exchange. CBYI is trading around 25 cents and should skyrocket to $2.66 - $3.25 a share in the near future.<br/>\n",
              "<b><i>Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a position TODAY.</i></b></font></p>\n",
              "<p><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
              "<b>REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI</b></font>\n",
              "<li><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
              "A profitable company and is on track to beat ALL earnings estimates!</font>\n",
              "<li><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
              "One of the FASTEST growing distributors in environmental &amp; safety equipment instruments.</font>\n",
              "<li><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
              "Excellent management team, several EXCLUSIVE contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. Air Force, Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, GE-Energy &amp; Environmental Research.</font>\n",
              "<p><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
              "<b>RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY</b>\n",
              "<br/>Industry revenues exceed $900 million, estimates indicate that there could be as much as $25 billion from \"smell technology\" by the end of 2003.</font></p>\n",
              "<p><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
              "<b>!!!!!CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!</b><br/>Our last recommendation to buy ORBT at $1.29 rallied and is holding steady at $3.50! Congratulations to all our subscribers that took advantage of this recommendation.</font></p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>\n",
              "<p align=\"center\"><font color=\"#660000\" face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
              "ALL removes HONORED. Please allow 7 days to be removed and send ALL addresses to:\n",
              "<font color=\"#ff0000\">\n",
              "<a href=\"mailto:goneforgood@btamail.net.cn\">GoneForGood@btamail.net.cn\n",
              "</a></font></font></p></li></li></li></p></td></tr></table><table border=\"1\" bordercolor=\"#660000\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"><tr><td bgcolor=\"#660000\" height=\"8\"> </td></tr><tr><td bgcolor=\"#FFFFCC\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"><tr><td>\n",
              "<font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-2\">\n",
              "Certain statements contained in this news release may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by such terms as \"expect\", \"believe\", \"may\", \"will\", and \"intend\" or similar terms. We are NOT a registered investment advisor or a broker dealer. This is NOT an offer to buy or sell securities. No recommendation that the securities of the companies profiled should be purchased, sold or held by individuals or entities that learn of the profiled companies. We were paid $27,000 in cash by a third party to publish this report. Investing in companies profiled is high-risk and use of this information is for reading purposes only. If anyone decides to act as an investor, then it will be that investor's sole risk. Investors are advised NOT to invest without the proper advisement from an attorney or a registered financial broker. Do not rely solely on the information presented, do additional independent research to form your own opinion and decision regarding investing in the profiled companies. Be advised that the purchase of such high-risk securities may result in the loss of your entire investment.  Not intended for recipients or residents of CA,CO,CT,DE,ID, IL,IA,LA,MO,NV,NC,OK,OH,PA,RI,TN,VA,WA,WV,WI. Void where prohibited.  The owners of this publication may already own free trading shares in CBYI and may immediately sell all or a portion of these shares into the open market at or about the time this report is published.  Factual statements are made as of the date stated and are subject to change without notice.\n",
              "<br/>Copyright c 2001</font><hr noshade=\"\" size=\"1\" width=\"100%\"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\" height=\"31\"><table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"4\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\"><tr><td height=\"21\" width=\"87%\"><div align=\"right\">\n",
              "<font color=\"#666666\">≡</font></div></td><td height=\"21\" width=\"7%\">\n",
              "<font color=\"#FFFFFF\" face=\"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"6\">\n",
              "OTC</font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></body></html><td height=\"21\" width=\"6%\"><div align=\"left\">\n",
              "<font color=\"#666666\">≡</font></div></td>\n",
              "\n",
              "***\n"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 73,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "soup"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "bzsRSIWtZ6gB",
        "outputId": "79e32775-f49e-43bd-dc77-9bb1a06db5a3"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "h1--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            " None\n",
            "b--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            " <b>OTC</b>\n",
            "p--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            " <p><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
            "<b>Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI)</b>\n",
            "<br/>Watch for analyst \"Strong Buy Recommendations\" and several advisory newsletters picking CBYI.  CBYI has filed to be traded on the OTCBB, share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed on this larger trading exchange. CBYI is trading around 25 cents and should skyrocket to $2.66 - $3.25 a share in the near future.<br/>\n",
            "<b><i>Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a position TODAY.</i></b></font></p>\n",
            "a--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            " <a href=\"mailto:goneforgood@btamail.net.cn\">GoneForGood@btamail.net.cn\n",
            "</a>\n",
            "br--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            " <br/>\n",
            "font--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            " <font color=\"#660000\" face=\"Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"6\">\n",
            "<b>OTC</b></font>\n",
            "li--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n",
            " <li><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
            "A profitable company and is on track to beat ALL earnings estimates!</font>\n",
            "<li><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
            "One of the FASTEST growing distributors in environmental &amp; safety equipment instruments.</font>\n",
            "<li><font color=\"#000000\" face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
            "Excellent management team, several EXCLUSIVE contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. Air Force, Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, GE-Energy &amp; Environmental Research.</font>\n",
            "<p><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
            "<b>RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY</b>\n",
            "<br/>Industry revenues exceed $900 million, estimates indicate that there could be as much as $25 billion from \"smell technology\" by the end of 2003.</font></p>\n",
            "<p><font face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
            "<b>!!!!!CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!</b><br/>Our last recommendation to buy ORBT at $1.29 rallied and is holding steady at $3.50! Congratulations to all our subscribers that took advantage of this recommendation.</font></p><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>\n",
            "<p align=\"center\"><font color=\"#660000\" face=\"Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif\" size=\"-1\">\n",
            "ALL removes HONORED. Please allow 7 days to be removed and send ALL addresses to:\n",
            "<font color=\"#ff0000\">\n",
            "<a href=\"mailto:goneforgood@btamail.net.cn\">GoneForGood@btamail.net.cn\n",
            "</a></font></font></p></li></li></li>\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "print(\"h1--------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\",soup.html.body.h1)\n",
        "print(\"b--------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\",soup.html.body.b)\n",
        "print(\"p--------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\",soup.html.body.p)\n",
        "print(\"a--------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\",soup.html.body.a)\n",
        "print(\"br--------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\",soup.html.body.br)\n",
        "print(\"font--------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\",soup.html.body.font)\n",
        "print(\"li--------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n\",soup.html.body.li)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "JRpVMnsnb1SZ",
        "outputId": "b9a298a5-5279-4ecc-e13c-88144311c59a"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "\n",
            "Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI)\n",
            "Watch for analyst \"Strong Buy Recommendations\" and several advisory newsletters picking CBYI.  CBYI has filed to be traded on the OTCBB, share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed on this larger trading exchange. CBYI is trading around 25 cents and should skyrocket to $2.66 - $3.25 a share in the near future.\n",
            "Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a position TODAY.\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "p=soup.html.body.p\n",
        "print(p.text)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "YgCBilJgP4IG"
      },
      "source": [
        "And this is the resulting plain text:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "4ASAvdDFP4IH",
        "outputId": "2ba04b5f-d2c0-4e49-bc20-2f6b9bf97d5e"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "\n",
            "OTC\n",
            " Newsletter\n",
            "Discover Tomorrow's Winners \n",
            "For Immediate Release\n",
            "Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI)\n",
            "Watch for analyst \"Strong Buy Recommendations\" and several advisory newsletters picking CBYI.  CBYI has filed to be traded on the OTCBB, share prices historically INCREASE when companies get listed on this larger trading exchange. CBYI is trading around 25 cents and should skyrocket to $2.66 - $3.25 a share in the near future.\n",
            "Put CBYI on your watch list, acquire a position TODAY.\n",
            "REASONS TO INVEST IN CBYI\n",
            "A profitable company and is on track to beat ALL earnings estimates!\n",
            "One of the FASTEST growing distributors in environmental & safety equipment instruments.\n",
            "Excellent management team, several EXCLUSIVE contracts.  IMPRESSIVE client list including the U.S. Air Force, Anheuser-Busch, Chevron Refining and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, GE-Energy & Environmental Research.\n",
            "RAPIDLY GROWING INDUSTRY\n",
            "Industry revenues exceed $900 million, estimates indicate that there could be as much as $25 billi ...\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "print(html_to_plain_text(sample_html_spam.get_content())[:1000], \"...\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "EIv5J_EXP4II"
      },
      "source": [
        "Great! Now let's write a function that takes an email as input and returns its content as plain text, whatever its format is:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ajOk8_6ycT39"
      },
      "source": [
        "이메일 타입이 html인 경우 html_to_plain_text를 통해 plain text화하는 함수"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xDtRBYgXP4II"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "def email_to_text(email):\n",
        "    html = None\n",
        "    for part in email.walk():\n",
        "        ctype = part.get_content_type()\n",
        "        if not ctype in (\"text/plain\", \"text/html\"): # 이메일 타입 확인\n",
        "            continue\n",
        "        try:\n",
        "            content = part.get_content()\n",
        "        except: # in case of encoding issues\n",
        "            content = str(part.get_payload())\n",
        "        if ctype == \"text/plain\":\n",
        "            return content\n",
        "        else:\n",
        "            html = content\n",
        "    if html:\n",
        "        return html_to_plain_text(html)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5cYqUEFsP4IJ",
        "outputId": "1c6920c6-02a9-46fd-efde-4f763bd921a0"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "\n",
            "OTC\n",
            " Newsletter\n",
            "Discover Tomorrow's Winners \n",
            "For Immediate Release\n",
            "Cal-Bay (Stock Symbol: CBYI)\n",
            "Wat ...\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "print(email_to_text(sample_html_spam)[:100], \"...\")"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "J3ozFbU_P4IJ"
      },
      "source": [
        "Let's throw in some stemming! For this to work, you need to install the Natural Language Toolkit ([NLTK](http://www.nltk.org/)). It's as simple as running the following command (don't forget to activate your virtualenv first; if you don't have one, you will likely need administrator rights, or use the `--user` option):\n",
        "\n",
        "`$ pip3 install nltk`"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "N8qqLuLrP4IK",
        "outputId": "ecf3052f-f54c-4da3-cd56-8162626dc07a"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Computations => comput\n",
            "Computation => comput\n",
            "Computing => comput\n",
            "Computed => comput\n",
            "Compute => comput\n",
            "Compulsive => compuls\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "try:\n",
        "    import nltk\n",
        "\n",
        "    stemmer = nltk.PorterStemmer()\n",
        "    for word in (\"Computations\", \"Computation\", \"Computing\", \"Computed\", \"Compute\", \"Compulsive\"):\n",
        "        print(word, \"=>\", stemmer.stem(word))\n",
        "except ImportError:\n",
        "    print(\"Error: stemming requires the NLTK module.\")\n",
        "    stemmer = None"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "81ZZHKu7P4IK"
      },
      "source": [
        "We will also need a way to replace URLs with the word \"URL\". For this, we could use hard core [regular expressions](https://mathiasbynens.be/demo/url-regex) but we will just use the [urlextract](https://github.com/lipoja/URLExtract) library. You can install it with the following command (don't forget to activate your virtualenv first; if you don't have one, you will likely need administrator rights, or use the `--user` option):\n",
        "\n",
        "`$ pip3 install urlextract`"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dvsFq4MpP4IK"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "# if running this notebook on Colab or Kaggle, we just pip install urlextract\n",
        "if IS_COLAB or IS_KAGGLE:\n",
        "    %pip install -q -U urlextract"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "e4Jl8yKKP4IL"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Note:** inside a Jupyter notebook, always use `%pip` instead of `!pip`, as `!pip` may install the library inside the wrong environment, while `%pip` makes sure it's installed inside the currently running environment."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "e99C4PuJP4IL",
        "outputId": "60d1f7d1-248e-4946-cacb-d08f8f917a01"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "['github.com', 'https://youtu.be/7Pq-S557XQU?t=3m32s']\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "try:\n",
        "    import urlextract # may require an Internet connection to download root domain names\n",
        "    \n",
        "    url_extractor = urlextract.URLExtract()\n",
        "    print(url_extractor.find_urls(\"Will it detect github.com and https://youtu.be/7Pq-S557XQU?t=3m32s\"))\n",
        "except ImportError:\n",
        "    print(\"Error: replacing URLs requires the urlextract module.\")\n",
        "    url_extractor = None"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "avZdYZOwP4IL"
      },
      "source": [
        "We are ready to put all this together into a transformer that we will use to convert emails to word counters. Note that we split sentences into words using Python's `split()` method, which uses whitespaces for word boundaries. This works for many written languages, but not all. For example, Chinese and Japanese scripts generally don't use spaces between words, and Vietnamese often uses spaces even between syllables. It's okay in this exercise, because the dataset is (mostly) in English."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jULEi8nNb6wH"
      },
      "source": [
        "transform 전처리 파이프라인을 사용하려면 fit_transform() 이라는 메소드가 있어야하는데 이를 TransformerMixin가 해결해준다. TransformerMixin가 fit_transform() 을 제공해주기 때문에 이를 상속받으면 fit_transform()을 사용할 수 있다. \\\n",
        "BaseEstimator를 상속받아 사용하면 get_, set_ 을 사용할 수 있다."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "amR4BCyKP4IM"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin\n",
        "\n",
        "class EmailToWordCounterTransformer(BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin):\n",
        "    def __init__(self, strip_headers=True, lower_case=True, remove_punctuation=True,\n",
        "                 replace_urls=True, replace_numbers=True, stemming=True):\n",
        "        self.strip_headers = strip_headers\n",
        "        self.lower_case = lower_case\n",
        "        self.remove_punctuation = remove_punctuation\n",
        "        self.replace_urls = replace_urls\n",
        "        self.replace_numbers = replace_numbers\n",
        "        self.stemming = stemming\n",
        "    def fit(self, X, y=None):\n",
        "        return self\n",
        "    def transform(self, X, y=None):\n",
        "        X_transformed = []\n",
        "        for email in X:\n",
        "            text = email_to_text(email) or \"\"\n",
        "            if self.lower_case: # 소문자로\n",
        "                text = text.lower()\n",
        "            if self.replace_urls and url_extractor is not None:  # 복잡하고 특정 패턴이 없는 url을 URL이라는 단어로 통일\n",
        "                urls = list(set(url_extractor.find_urls(text)))\n",
        "                urls.sort(key=lambda url: len(url), reverse=True)\n",
        "                for url in urls:\n",
        "                    text = text.replace(url, \" URL \")\n",
        "            if self.replace_numbers:\n",
        "                text = re.sub(r'\\d+(?:\\.\\d*)?(?:[eE][+-]?\\d+)?', 'NUMBER', text)\n",
        "            if self.remove_punctuation:\n",
        "                text = re.sub(r'\\W+', ' ', text, flags=re.M) # 정규표현식으로 정리\n",
        "            word_counts = Counter(text.split()) # 띄어쓰기 이용해서 단어 갯수 세기\n",
        "            if self.stemming and stemmer is not None:\n",
        "                stemmed_word_counts = Counter()\n",
        "                for word, count in word_counts.items():\n",
        "                    stemmed_word = stemmer.stem(word) # 어간추출\n",
        "                    stemmed_word_counts[stemmed_word] += count # 어간에 적용된다면 카운트 진행\n",
        "                word_counts = stemmed_word_counts # 최종 단어 갯수\n",
        "            X_transformed.append(word_counts) # 각 단어별 카운트한 것을 차례로 리스트에 추가\n",
        "        return np.array(X_transformed)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2Dlcc-sCP4IM"
      },
      "source": [
        "Let's try this transformer on a few emails:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6FF7VisJYBu-"
      },
      "source": [
        "train중 일부만 EmailToWordCounterTransformer를 적용한 모습"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "5_ikUo8gP4IM",
        "outputId": "4d75c84f-b045-4a69-efec-5865f9ae25db"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "array([Counter({'chuck': 1, 'murcko': 1, 'wrote': 1, 'stuff': 1, 'yawn': 1, 'r': 1}),\n",
              "       Counter({'the': 11, 'of': 9, 'and': 8, 'all': 3, 'christian': 3, 'to': 3, 'by': 3, 'jefferson': 2, 'i': 2, 'have': 2, 'superstit': 2, 'one': 2, 'on': 2, 'been': 2, 'ha': 2, 'half': 2, 'rogueri': 2, 'teach': 2, 'jesu': 2, 'some': 1, 'interest': 1, 'quot': 1, 'url': 1, 'thoma': 1, 'examin': 1, 'known': 1, 'word': 1, 'do': 1, 'not': 1, 'find': 1, 'in': 1, 'our': 1, 'particular': 1, 'redeem': 1, 'featur': 1, 'they': 1, 'are': 1, 'alik': 1, 'found': 1, 'fabl': 1, 'mytholog': 1, 'million': 1, 'innoc': 1, 'men': 1, 'women': 1, 'children': 1, 'sinc': 1, 'introduct': 1, 'burnt': 1, 'tortur': 1, 'fine': 1, 'imprison': 1, 'what': 1, 'effect': 1, 'thi': 1, 'coercion': 1, 'make': 1, 'world': 1, 'fool': 1, 'other': 1, 'hypocrit': 1, 'support': 1, 'error': 1, 'over': 1, 'earth': 1, 'six': 1, 'histor': 1, 'american': 1, 'john': 1, 'e': 1, 'remsburg': 1, 'letter': 1, 'william': 1, 'short': 1, 'again': 1, 'becom': 1, 'most': 1, 'pervert': 1, 'system': 1, 'that': 1, 'ever': 1, 'shone': 1, 'man': 1, 'absurd': 1, 'untruth': 1, 'were': 1, 'perpetr': 1, 'upon': 1, 'a': 1, 'larg': 1, 'band': 1, 'dupe': 1, 'import': 1, 'led': 1, 'paul': 1, 'first': 1, 'great': 1, 'corrupt': 1}),\n",
              "       Counter({'url': 4, 's': 3, 'group': 3, 'to': 3, 'in': 2, 'forteana': 2, 'martin': 2, 'an': 2, 'and': 2, 'we': 2, 'is': 2, 'yahoo': 2, 'unsubscrib': 2, 'y': 1, 'adamson': 1, 'wrote': 1, 'for': 1, 'altern': 1, 'rather': 1, 'more': 1, 'factual': 1, 'base': 1, 'rundown': 1, 'on': 1, 'hamza': 1, 'career': 1, 'includ': 1, 'hi': 1, 'belief': 1, 'that': 1, 'all': 1, 'non': 1, 'muslim': 1, 'yemen': 1, 'should': 1, 'be': 1, 'murder': 1, 'outright': 1, 'know': 1, 'how': 1, 'unbias': 1, 'memri': 1, 'don': 1, 't': 1, 'html': 1, 'rob': 1, 'sponsor': 1, 'number': 1, 'dvd': 1, 'free': 1, 'p': 1, 'join': 1, 'now': 1, 'from': 1, 'thi': 1, 'send': 1, 'email': 1, 'egroup': 1, 'com': 1, 'your': 1, 'use': 1, 'of': 1, 'subject': 1})],\n",
              "      dtype=object)"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 150,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "X_few = X_train[:3]\n",
        "X_few_wordcounts = EmailToWordCounterTransformer().fit_transform(X_few)\n",
        "X_few_wordcounts"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "RDfFl7X-P4IN"
      },
      "source": [
        "This looks about right!"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "FIAhn5czP4IN"
      },
      "source": [
        "Now we have the word counts, and we need to convert them to vectors. For this, we will build another transformer whose `fit()` method will build the vocabulary (an ordered list of the most common words) and whose `transform()` method will use the vocabulary to convert word counts to vectors. The output is a sparse matrix."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rKxAfXzQUAjg"
      },
      "source": [
        "가장 많은 순서의 단어 사전을 만들고, 단어 카운트한 것을 벡터화하는 함수를 만든다.\n",
        "\n",
        "import csr_matrix : Compressed Sparse Row matrix 하는 것. \\\n",
        "희소행렬의 경우 zero인 값이 많아서 연산을 하는데 필요없는 부분이 많아 비효율적이다. 그래서 Sparse matrix를 저장하는 여러가지 방법이 존재하는데, 그 중 하나이다. \n",
        "\n",
        "참고 출처 : https://gaussian37.github.io/math-la-sparse_matrix/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "boUudfaUZFaZ"
      },
      "source": [
        "row = np.array([0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 2]) \\\n",
        "col = np.array([0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 2]) \\\n",
        "data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) \\\n",
        "csr_matrix((data, (row, col)), shape=(3, 3)).toarray() \\\n",
        "array([[1, 0, 2], \\\n",
        "       [0, 0, 3], \\\n",
        "       [4, 5, 6]])  -> 이 결과값을 csr_matrix한다."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "VlXy3N1nP4IN"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix\n",
        "\n",
        "class WordCounterToVectorTransformer(BaseEstimator, TransformerMixin):\n",
        "    def __init__(self, vocabulary_size=1000):\n",
        "        self.vocabulary_size = vocabulary_size\n",
        "    def fit(self, X, y=None):\n",
        "        total_count = Counter()\n",
        "        for word_count in X:\n",
        "            for word, count in word_count.items():\n",
        "                total_count[word] += min(count, 10)\n",
        "        most_common = total_count.most_common()[:self.vocabulary_size]\n",
        "        self.vocabulary_ = {word: index + 1 for index, (word, count) in enumerate(most_common)}\n",
        "        return self\n",
        "    def transform(self, X, y=None): # 희소행렬을 compress하는 과정\n",
        "        rows = []\n",
        "        cols = []\n",
        "        data = []\n",
        "        for row, word_count in enumerate(X):\n",
        "            for word, count in word_count.items():\n",
        "                rows.append(row)\n",
        "                cols.append(self.vocabulary_.get(word, 0))\n",
        "                data.append(count)\n",
        "        return csr_matrix((data, (rows, cols)), shape=(len(X), self.vocabulary_size + 1))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pvEbsqPoYJcX"
      },
      "source": [
        "이메일 중 일부만 EmailToWordCounterTransformer한 것에 WordCounterToVectorTransformer 적용한 것"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "E9Gi7l02P4IO",
        "outputId": "29dabcab-26cb-4a95-d7eb-8224d02d7c9a"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "<3x11 sparse matrix of type '<class 'numpy.longlong'>'\n",
              "\twith 20 stored elements in Compressed Sparse Row format>"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 152,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "vocab_transformer = WordCounterToVectorTransformer(vocabulary_size=10)\n",
        "X_few_vectors = vocab_transformer.fit_transform(X_few_wordcounts)\n",
        "X_few_vectors"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "MpL5HFdcTwVF"
      },
      "source": [
        "X_few_wordcounts에서 단어가 몇 개 존재하는지 카운트하는 전처리 적용"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "KfhRcQEJP4IO",
        "outputId": "ef1c7474-47b0-4c52-dd82-1e519e04e1b2"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "array([[ 6,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],\n",
              "       [99, 11,  9,  8,  3,  1,  3,  1,  3,  2,  3],\n",
              "       [67,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  1,  2,  0,  1,  0]], dtype=int64)"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 153,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "X_few_vectors.toarray()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HIP9taUcP4IP"
      },
      "source": [
        "What does this matrix mean? Well, the 99 in the second row, first column, means that the second email contains 99 words that are not part of the vocabulary. The 11 next to it means that the first word in the vocabulary is present 11 times in this email. The 9 next to it means that the second word is present 9 times, and so on. You can look at the vocabulary to know which words we are talking about. The first word is \"the\", the second word is \"of\", etc.\n",
        "\n",
        "행의 첫번째 요소는 vocab_transformer 에 들어있지 않은 단어의 갯수. 두번째 요소부터 vocab_transformer 의 단어의 자리라고 보면된다. "
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9h4xqeLDRKZh"
      },
      "source": [
        "상단에서 사용한 단어 사전 "
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "YyriutHAP4IP",
        "outputId": "7222ab0f-da4e-4f9a-b7b1-b102f3bd24cb"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "{'the': 1,\n",
              " 'of': 2,\n",
              " 'and': 3,\n",
              " 'to': 4,\n",
              " 'url': 5,\n",
              " 'all': 6,\n",
              " 'in': 7,\n",
              " 'christian': 8,\n",
              " 'on': 9,\n",
              " 'by': 10}"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 154,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "vocab_transformer.vocabulary_"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Khy1g8okP4IQ"
      },
      "source": [
        "We are now ready to train our first spam classifier! Let's transform the whole dataset:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "56nwKzTfQ6vi"
      },
      "source": [
        "이전에 생성한 EmailToWordCounterTransformer(), WordCounterToVectorTransformer() 전처리과정을 Pipeline으로 묶음, \\\n",
        "train 데이터를 pipeline으로 전처리 \n",
        "\n",
        "train data 전체에 적용"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "C7buUMwjP4IQ"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline\n",
        "\n",
        "preprocess_pipeline = Pipeline([\n",
        "    (\"email_to_wordcount\", EmailToWordCounterTransformer()),\n",
        "    (\"wordcount_to_vector\", WordCounterToVectorTransformer()),\n",
        "])\n",
        "\n",
        "X_train_transformed = preprocess_pipeline.fit_transform(X_train)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jyJdZ-ZnP4IR"
      },
      "source": [
        "**Note**: to be future-proof, we set `solver=\"lbfgs\"` since this will be the default value in Scikit-Learn 0.22."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "C5kaA-cpQuy4"
      },
      "source": [
        "모델 LogisticRegression 을 이용한 전처리한 train 데이터의 교차검증값 확인"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OlNs2HI4P4IR",
        "outputId": "6277f265-7f32-4674-a6b3-5cce559df081"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stderr",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Using backend SequentialBackend with 1 concurrent workers.\n",
            "[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done   1 out of   1 | elapsed:    0.1s remaining:    0.0s\n"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "[CV]  ................................................................\n",
            "[CV] .................................... , score=0.981, total=   0.1s\n",
            "[CV]  ................................................................\n",
            "[CV] .................................... , score=0.985, total=   0.2s\n",
            "[CV]  ................................................................\n",
            "[CV] .................................... , score=0.991, total=   0.2s\n"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "stderr",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done   2 out of   2 | elapsed:    0.3s remaining:    0.0s\n",
            "[Parallel(n_jobs=1)]: Done   3 out of   3 | elapsed:    0.5s finished\n"
          ]
        },
        {
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "0.9858333333333333"
            ]
          },
          "execution_count": 156,
          "metadata": {},
          "output_type": "execute_result"
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\n",
        "from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score\n",
        "\n",
        "log_clf = LogisticRegression(solver=\"lbfgs\", max_iter=1000, random_state=42)\n",
        "score = cross_val_score(log_clf, X_train_transformed, y_train, cv=3, verbose=3)\n",
        "score.mean()"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GyswcRH6P4IS"
      },
      "source": [
        "Over 98.5%, not bad for a first try! :) However, remember that we are using the \"easy\" dataset. You can try with the harder datasets, the results won't be so amazing. You would have to try multiple models, select the best ones and fine-tune them using cross-validation, and so on.\n",
        "\n",
        "But you get the picture, so let's stop now, and just print out the precision/recall we get on the test set:"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "uSzQyWlcQMrq"
      },
      "source": [
        "# test 데이터에 전처리 파이프라인, 모델을 이용한 예측, 예측 결과 precision, recall 확인\n",
        "preprocess_pipeline : 전처리 파이프라인 \\\n",
        "log_clf : 모델\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "we-FVN3SP4IS",
        "outputId": "59e9804a-f00b-4172-fc62-4084e6a873a6"
      },
      "outputs": [
        {
          "name": "stdout",
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Precision: 95.88%\n",
            "Recall: 97.89%\n"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.metrics import precision_score, recall_score\n",
        "\n",
        "X_test_transformed = preprocess_pipeline.transform(X_test)\n",
        "\n",
        "log_clf = LogisticRegression(solver=\"lbfgs\", max_iter=1000, random_state=42)\n",
        "log_clf.fit(X_train_transformed, y_train)\n",
        "\n",
        "y_pred = log_clf.predict(X_test_transformed)\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"Precision: {:.2f}%\".format(100 * precision_score(y_test, y_pred)))\n",
        "print(\"Recall: {:.2f}%\".format(100 * recall_score(y_test, y_pred)))"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": null,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "y8DUi2GEP4IT"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": []
    }
  ],
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