LICENSE

CasperLabs Open Source License (COSL)

Version 1.0 - February 22, 2019

https://github.com/CasperLabs/CasperLabs/blob/master/LICENSE

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION

0.   Preamble

     This license, the CasperLabs Open Source License v1.0 (COSLv1.0), is an
     open source license that modifies the Apache 2.0 License ("Apache 2.0"; see
     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0) to be free (libre) open source
     software (FLOSS) compliant and to extend to the decentralized application
     ecosystem.  FLOSS philosophy is incorporated in this COSLv1.0 not only by
     adding copyleft provisions, but also by extending the concept of governance
     by community as under a license by defining user classes and a license
     directed process to identify community compliant versus proprietary
     behavior.  This COSLv1.0 also explicitly enumerates participants in a
     decentralized application ecosystem and activities that harm the community.

1.   Definitions

     This COSLv1.0 incorporates by reference, the definitions within section 1,
     "Definitions," of the Apache 2.0 License.

2.   Bifurcation of Subject Matter

     This COSLv1.0 applies to a subject matter code base.  The subject matter
     code base is composed of both object and source code embodiments ("Novel
     Code") and legacy code subject to the Apache 2.0 License ("Legacy Code") as
     defined in this section 2.

     Fork Demarcation: The subject matter code of this COSLv1.0 may be
     demarcated by a code share fork made on Midnight GMT, December 2, 2018
     ("Fork Demarcation Time").

     Subject Matter Code Base: The subject matter of this COSLv1.0 is composed
     of all files in the GitHub share initially committed to
     https://github.com/casperlabs or copies made on or after the Fork
     Demarcation Time ("Subject Matter Code").  (See initial commit at:
     https://github.com/CasperLabs/CasperLabs/commit/9c83ec3ecaa955dacfa3e42054d05098fc32bfc7).

     Novel Code Base: The scope of Novel Code is all additions or modifications
     to the Subject Matter Code made on the Fork Demarcation Time or afterwards.

     Legacy Code Base: The scope of the Legacy Code is all code included in the
     Subject Matter Code share added or created before the Fork Demarcation
     Time.

3.   Express Invocation of Sections 4 and 9 of the Apache 2.0 License

     In some cases, the Novel Code may be used, reproduced and/or distributed
     without the Legacy Code.  However, where the Legacy Code is used,
     reproduced and/or distributed with the Novel Code, this COSLv1.0, which
     applies to the Novel Code, is not to be construed to relicense, modify, or
     otherwise disturb the Apache 2.0 License of the Legacy Code.  This license,
     the COSLv1.0, is an extension of the Apache 2.0 License under its section 4
     which provides for "additional or different license terms and conditions
     for use, reproduction, or distribution."  Furthermore, per the Apache 2.0
     License under its section 9, a distributor of the Subject Matter Code may
     solely accept "warrantee or additional liability" of the distributed
     Subject Matter Code.

4.   Express Disclaimer of Contributions Under the Apache 2.0 License

     Notwithstanding the terms of the Apache License 2.0 regarding
     contributions, unless explicitly stated otherwise, all additions or
     modifications to the Subject Matter Code are contributions under this
     COSLv1.0.  In the case of bug fix code changes or integration specific code
     changes to the Legacy Code that are propagated to the pre-Fork Demarcation
     date open source project share, those code changes are to be subject to the
     Apache 2.0 License.

5.   Contributions are Under COSLv1.0 and are Subject to Relicense

     All contributions to Novel Code will be under this COSLv1.0 and are subject
     to the contributor executing a relicensing consent ("Relicensing Consent")
     which provides that contributor's agreement to allow their contributions to
     be subject to updates to this COSLv1.0 or relicensing in the future,
     provided that the updated COSLv1.0 or new license is an open source license
     and is consistent with the present COSLv1.0 license including the copyleft
     provisions in section 9.

6.   Decentralized Ecosystem Parties

     The COSLv1.0 is a license intended to benefit the open source community in
     the context of the distributed and decentralized platform and decentralized
     applications ("Decentralized Applications" or "DApps") based on a
     distributed ledger built from the Subject Matter Code.  Licensees of the
     Subject Matter Code under this COSLv1.0 include the following parties:

     Node Operators: A node operator ("Node Operator") is a party that
     contributes compute processing for a decentralized platform with a
     computing node where at least a portion of a distributed ledger resides on
     the node.  Node Operators include distributed ledger validators including
     miners for Proof of Work decentralized platforms and validators for Proof
     of Stake decentralized platforms.

     Decentralized Application Developers: A decentralized application developer
     ("Decentralized Application Developer" or "DApp Developer") is a party that
     creates or modifies a DApp.  Where a DApp Developer is developing a DApp in
     the scope of work for a company or is otherwise contractually bound to
     develop a DApp for a company, that company is also a DApp Developer.

     Decentralized Application Distributor: A decentralized application
     distributor ("Decentralized Application Distributor" or "DApp Distributor")
     is a party that distributes a DApp either freely or for compensation.

     Decentralized Application Users: A decentralized application user
     ("Decentralized Application User" or "DApp User") is a party who is an end
     user of a DApp.  Where an end user uses a DApp in the scope of work for a
     company or is otherwise contractually bound to a company to use a DApp, the
     company is also a DApp User.

     Decentralized Platform Developers: A decentralized platform developer
     ("Decentralized Platform Developer") is a party that contributes code to
     software that enables the decentralized maintenance of a distributed
     ledger, development tools to develop DApps on that distributed ledger, or
     tools to administer a distributed ledger or applications built on the
     distributed ledger.

     Token Issuers: A token issuer ("Token Issuer") is a party, including a
     party other than the COSLv1.0 Licensor, that releases and manages quanta of
     value as managed by the distributed ledger ("tokens") to be used to
     transfer value between parties.  Tokens may be used to measure work effort,
     such as amount of compute power estimated to be used to validate
     transactions on a distributed ledger. Where the tokens are hashed by the
     distributed ledger and are in a format suitable for use as a currency,
     those tokens may be referred to as a "cryptocurrency."

     Token Holders: A token holder ("Token Holder") is a party the retains
     tokens either for holding, or for use as currency or in distributed
     ledger-based transactions.

     Decentralized Network Users: A decentralized network user ("Decentralized
     Network User") is a general term for any party that avails itself to a
     distributed ledger, or any application, tool, or token using the
     distributed ledger, or any application, tool, or token that administers,
     maintains, or develops any application, tool, or token using the
     distributed ledger.

     All the above parties defined in this section 6(a)-(h), in their context as
     users of the Subject Matter Code and Licensees under this COSLv1.0 and any
     other parties who access the Subject Matter Code are collectively known as
     "Decentralized Ecosystem Parties".

7.   User Classes

     The COSLv1.0 Licensor and the Decentralized Ecosystem Parties as set forth
     in section 6 of this COSLv1.0 solely comprise the members of a community
     ("Community") around the Subject Matter Code.  The COSLv1.0 Licensor is the
     granting party of rights to the Subject Matter Code and the Decentralized
     Ecosystem Parties are the receiving party of rights to the Subject Matter
     Code.  The Decentralized Ecosystem Parties all belong to one and only one
     of the following two user classes ("User Classes"):

     Proprietary User Class: The Proprietary User Class ("Proprietary User
     Class") is a Decentralized Ecosystem Party that performs, or permits to
     occur, any of the following acts or uses:

     Co-opting the Development of the Decentralized Platform from the Community:
     This form of use occurs when only one party, or a set of parties either via
     explicit contract or via participation, substantially interferes, limits or
     prevents other parties from materially participating in the decentralized
     platform, in roles defined by a protocol of the decentralized platform,
     and/or in roles that are required for the use and support of a protocol of
     the decentralized platform.  Examples of defined and/or required roles
     include end users and their client software to participate in a centralized
     platform, node operators both for validation and for forming consensus,
     decentralized application developers, decentralized platform developers,
     and other parties set forth in section 6 of this COSLv1.0.

     Such co-opting may include closed forks where the Subject Matter Code is
     forked either in full or in part, and where the other parties are
     substantively limited from materially participating in the development or
     use of the decentralized platform, including in roles set forth in section
     7(a)(i) above. This may also include forks where a party is to create a
     cryptocurrency, native token or other quanta of value from operations of
     the forked decentralized platform without remuneration to the Community as
     set forth in section 11 of this COSLv1.0.

     Co-opting the Operation or Use of the Decentralized Platform: This form of
     use occurs when a party, or a set of parties either via explicit contract
     or via participation, substantially interferes, limits or prevents other
     parties from materially operating nodes, using the decentralized platform,
     or deploying and using DApps.

     Interfering with the Economic Operation of the Decentralized Platform: This
     form of use occurs when a party or parties seek to operate nodes, develop
     DApps, or run DApps to drive or to result in changes in the price of an
     underlying cryptocurrency of a distributed ledger, resulting in
     interference of the economic operation of the distributed ledger.

     Open Source User Class: The Open Source User Class ("Open Source User
     Class") is any Decentralized Ecosystem Party that is not in a Proprietary
     User Class.

8.   Governance and Conversion

     Governance under the COSLv1.0 is performed by COSLv1.0 Licensor in close
     cooperation with the Community as set forth in this COSLv1.0.  The
     Community includes any Decentralized Ecosystem Party as set forth in
     section 6 of this COSLv1.0.  Specifically, the COSLv1.0 Licensor will
     designate a public, transparent online forum ("Community Forum") associated
     with the Subject Matter Code and will designate one or more moderators
     ("Community Forum Moderators") to monitor and moderate the Community Forum.
     The Community Forum to receives requests and notifications from the
     Community, including proposed feature additions, proposed code changes,
     additions or deletions, and Community member status and user class.  The
     Community Forum may host online discussions about topics broadly related to
     the Subject Matter Code.  While acceptance or rejection of requests and
     notifications are at the sole discretion of the COSLv1.0 Licensor,
     acceptance will not be unreasonably withheld.  Moderation policy of the
     Community Forum is at the sole discretion of the COSLv1.0 Licensor.

     Rights to the Subject Matter Code, including intellectual property rights
     under this COSLv1.0 are subject to membership of the Open Source User
     Class.  Where a party of the Open Source User Class performs an act or use
     as set forth in section 7(a) of this COSLv1.0, that party converts to the
     Proprietary User Class ("Conversion").  Where a party contemplates
     performing an act that might be construed as proprietary, that party may
     demonstrate good faith by providing a sixty (60) calendar day advance
     notice to the COSLv1.0 Licensor and the Community, by sending a notice via
     the Community Forum describing the proposed activity, how that activity
     benefits the Community, and how that activity may not benefit the
     Community.  If the COSLv1.0 Licensor accepts the activity in consultation
     with the Community, that activity will not trigger Conversion.

     Where a party is a member of the Proprietary User Class, that party may
     seek to be re-characterized as a member of the Open Source User Class by
     providing a notice via the Community Forum to the COSLv1.0 Licensor and the
     Community.  The notice is to specify the activities that party is ceasing
     and/or activities to remediate prior acts that triggered Conversion.  If
     the COSLv1.0 Licensor in consultation with the Community accepts the
     recharacterization, then that party will become a member of the Open Source
     User Class.

     The COSLv1.0 Licensor may opt to extend consideration of a
     recharacterization by increments of sixty (60) calendar days at a
     time. Neither the failure nor delay on the part of the COSLv1.0 Licensor to
     respond to or act upon any requests and notifications from the member
     parties of the Community under this section 8 shall operate as a waiver
     thereof unless made in writing and signed by the COSLv1.0 Licensor.

9.   Intellectual Property Rights

     Subject to the terms and conditions of this COSLv1.0, each contributor
     grants to all parties who are in the Open Source User Class a copyright
     license under the terms of section 2 of the Apache 2.0 License.  Absent a
     separate agreement to the contrary, members of the Proprietary User Class,
     do not have a copyright license.  Where a member of the Proprietary User
     Class converted from the Open Source User Class, that member retains no
     prior copyright license.  Where a party performs an act that triggers a
     Conversion of the party to the Proprietary User Class, the copyright
     license is revoked.  A party whose copyright license is revoked exposes
     that party to damages and other remedies for copyright infringement
     including statutory damages and injunctive relief.  For purposes of
     injunctive relieve, the Licensee stipulates the availability of equitable
     damages.

     Subject to the terms and conditions of this COSLv1.0, each contributor
     grants to all parties who are in the Open Source User Class a patent
     license under the terms of section 2 of the Apache 2.0 License.  Absent a
     separate agreement to the contrary, members of the Proprietary User Class,
     do not have a patent license.  Where a member of the Proprietary User Class
     converted from the Open Source User Class, that member retains no prior
     patent license.  Acceptance of this COSLv1.0 includes a stipulation of
     knowledge that some portions of the Subject Matter code are subject to
     patent coverage.  Where a party performs an act that triggers a Conversion
     of the party to the Proprietary User Class, the patent license is revoked.
     A party whose patent license is revoked exposes that party to damages and
     other remedies for patent infringement including enhanced damages and
     injunctive relief.  For purposes of injunctive relieve, the Licensee
     stipulates the availability of equitable damages.

     Subject to the terms and conditions of this COSLv1.0, the COSLv1.0 Licensor
     grants to all parties who are in the Open Source User Class a perpetual,
     irrevocable (except as provided in this COSLv1.0), non-transferrable,
     sublicensable, royalty-free, fully paid, worldwide and non-exclusive right
     and licensee to use any marks to name distributions of the Subject Matter
     Code (under any operative nominative fair use law). Absent a separate
     agreement to the contrary, members of the Proprietary User Class, do not
     have trademark rights or trademark license.  Where a member of the
     Proprietary User Class converted from the Open Source User Class, that
     member retains no prior trademark right or trademark license.  No other
     mark license is provided, including for marks relating to company name,
     trade name, or other marks COSLv1.0 Licensor reserves the right to police
     the quality and use of the licensed marks and to revoke license of those
     marks at its sole discretion where those distributions of Subject Matter
     Code are not compliant with this COSLv1.0 or FLOSS principles.  License of
     those marks shall not be unreasonably withheld.  A party whose trademark
     license is revoked exposes that party to damages and other remedies for
     trademark infringement, unfair trade practices and injunctive relief.  For
     purposes of injunctive relieve, the Licensee stipulates the availability of
     equitable damages.

10.  Copyleft

     Any recipient of any copy, fork, distribution or conveyance of the Novel
     Code, in full or in part, receives a license from the original licensors to
     run, modify and propagate the Novel Code, modified or unaltered, subject to
     this COSLv1.0.  Any copy, fork, distribution or conveyance is to be subject
     to the COSLv1.0.  Additional conditions, including payment and/or
     compensation terms, representations and warrantees, may be added beyond
     COSLv1.0 license terms provided they are consistent with COSLv1.0 and free
     (libre) and open source principles, and do not prejudice the COSLv1.0
     Licensor's use of Novel code.  Contributors to the Novel Code are to be
     fully indemnified by any party creating additional conditions.

11.  Forks

     Community friendly copies of all or part of the Subject Matter Code for
     separate development from the original Subject Matter Code tree ("Forks")
     are supported by this COSLv1.0, under the following conditions:

     Propagation of COSLv1.0 Licensing Principles: Code in a Fork is to be
     subject to and controlled by this COSLv1.0 or under a FLOSS compliant
     relicensing under the terms of this COSLv1.0.  Failure to do so constitutes
     an act co-opting the development of the decentralized platform from the
     Community, thereby triggering a Conversion of the forking party to a
     Proprietary User Class subject to penalties set forth in this COSLv1.0
     including but limited to section 9.

     For-Profit Fork Airdrop: Where code in a Fork is to be used to deploy a new
     independent blockchain with a cryptocurrency, native token or other native
     quantum of value that party is to notify the COSLv1.0 Licensor with an
     offer to compensate development efforts of the Community with an Airdrop of
     cryptocurrency supported by a distributed ledger deployment from the Fork.
     The COSLv1.0 Licensor in consultation with the Community, has sixty (60)
     calendar days to accept or reject the offer.

     Backpropagation of Changes: The COSLv1.0 Licensor in consultation with the
     Community may select features and code from the Fork code for addition to
     the Subject Matter Code at any time without penalty, fee, or other
     remuneration.

12.  Attribution and Marking

     Reproduction and distribution of the Subject Matter Code, in full or in
     part, original or modified, ("Subject Matter Code Distribution") is subject
     to the following conditions:

     Licensee shall provide all recipients of the Subject Matter Code
     Distribution, a copy of this COSLv1.0;

     Licensee shall cause any files modified from the Subject Matter Code
     distributed in the Subject Matter Code Distribution to carry prominent
     notices stating that Licensee has changed the files;

     Licensee shall retain, in the Source form of any Subject Matter Code
     Distribution that the Licensee distributes, all pertinent copyright,
     patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form Subject
     Matter Code; and

     If the Subject Matter Code includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
     distribution, then any Subject Matter Code Distribution, that the Licensee
     distributes must include a readable copy of the pertinent portions of the
     attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, in at least one of
     the following places:

     within a NOTICE text file in the distribution; within the Source form or
     documentation, if provided along with the Subject Matter Code Distribution;

     within a display generated by the Subject Matter Code Distribution, if and
     wherever such third-party notices normally appear.

     The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do
     not modify the CasperLabs Open Source License, Version 1.0 (COSLv1.0).
     Licensee of the Subject Matter Code may add their own attribution notices
     within the Subject Matter Code Distribution, alongside or as an addendum to
     the NOTICE text from the Subject Matter Code, provided that such additional
     attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the COSLv1.0.

     Copyright under the COSLv1.0 is to be as follows:

     Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner (Subject Matter Code)]

     Licensed under the CasperLabs Open Source License, Version 1.0 (COSLv1.0);
     you may not use this file except in compliance with this COSLv1.0. You may
     obtain a copy of this COSLv1.0 at

     https://github.com/CasperLabs/CasperLabs/blob/master/LICENSE

     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
     WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
     COSLv1.0 for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
     under the COSLv1.0.

     Where Legacy Code is to be distributed, copyright under the Apache 2.0
     License is to be as follows:

     Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner (Legacy Code)]

     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 ("License"); you may not use
     this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
     the License at

     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
     WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
     License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
     under the License.

13.  Disclaimer of Warranty

     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, COSLv1.0
     Licensor provides the Subject Matter Code and materials provided with the
     Subject Matter Code (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an
     "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
     or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of
     TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of
     using or redistributing the same and assume any risks associated with your
     exercise of permissions under this COSLv1.0.

14.  Miscellaneous

     The following miscellaneous terms apply to this COSLv1.0:

     Clickwrap: The terms of this COSLv1.0 may be accepted via clickwrap or
     other analogous means.

     Choice of Law: For purposes of conflicts of law, for contract
     interpretation of this COSLv1.0, New York state law is to be used, and for
     intellectual property law, of this COSLv1.0, United States Federal law is
     to be used.

     Venue: State venue is to be New York County, New York.  Federal venue is to
     be U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York.